Effects of water and salt stress on the physiological growth characteristics of Atriplex canescens
Received date: 2024-03-19
Revised date: 2024-05-20
Online published: 2024-10-14
In arid regions, soil salinity and moisture are the major factors that limit plant growth and development. Through the course of evolutionary processes, plants have evolved a myriad of physiological and ecological adaptation mechanisms to mitigate the detrimental effects of such stressors. Considering the prevalent aridity and medium soil salinity characteristic in Xinjiang, investigating plant adaptive strategies under drought and salinity stress conditions presents significant potential for advancing ecological restoration efforts within arid landscapes. Atriplex canescens, a perennial semi-evergreen shrub belonging to the Quinoa family, naturally thrives in the semi-arid regions of the Midwestern Plateau in the United States. It exhibits remarkable resilience to arid and saline environments. This study explored the physiological and growth responses of A. canescens seedlings to salt (low salt: 6.4 g·kg-1, medium salt: 13.3 g·kg-1) and water (W1: 3% soil moisture content; W2: 6% soil moisture content; W3: 9% soil moisture content; W4: 12% soil moisture content) stress using pot experiments. Results showed that (1) salt and water stress exerted a significant effect on the physiological and growth indicators of A. canescens. (2) Under different salt treatments, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and osmotic adjustment substances (starch, soluble sugars, and proline) significantly increased in W1 treatment compared with those in W4 treatment; in particular, proline and soluble sugars were more sensitive. A. canescens exhibited increased root-to-shoot ratio, specific root length, specific root area, and volume with increasing drought severity, whereas root, stem, and leaf biomass showed the opposite trend. A. canescens exhibited robust regulatory capabilities to tolerate drought stress through improvements in osmoregulation, antioxidant mechanisms, water absorption efficiency, and regulation of resource allocation. (3) The relative leaf water content significantly decreased in W1 treatment compared with that in W2 treatment. Moreover, the levels of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased in W1 treatment compared with those in W4 treatment across all salt treatments, with the exception of chlorophyll b in the medium salt treatment, where the decrease was not statistically significant. With an increase in water stress, the photosynthetic and water-retaining capabilities of A. canescens gradually weakened. (4) Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that osmotic adjustment substances and morphological indicators of A. canescens responded together to adapt to water and salt stress, explaining 31.92% of the variation in physiological and growth indicators. Thus, A. canescens demonstrates medium salt tolerance and strong physiological and ecological regulatory characteristics. Altogether, A. canescens exhibits robust salt tolerance and profound physiological and ecological regulatory traits, rendering it a viable candidate for restoration initiatives of desert vegetation.
ZHANG Lingxue , LI Xiaofeng , QU Jun , MA Meiyu , ZHANG Jianbin , LI Yaoming . Effects of water and salt stress on the physiological growth characteristics of Atriplex canescens[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(10) : 1767 -1777 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.14
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