Land and Water Resources

Effect of soil moisture content on the accuracy of root configuration detection by ground penetrating radar

  • WANG Bo ,
  • ZHANG Jianjun ,
  • LAI Zongrui ,
  • ZHAO Jiongchang ,
  • HU Yawei ,
  • YANG Zhou ,
  • LI Yang ,
  • WEI Zhaoyang
Expand
  • 1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China

Received date: 2023-09-11

  Revised date: 2023-11-30

  Online published: 2024-04-01

Abstract

Root biomass is an important part of the soil ecosystem, however, due to the limitations of measurement techniques and methods, it is impossible to rapidly assess it. The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an efficient and nondestructive geophysical tool through which root information can be obtained without damaging the soil environment. However, accuracy during the detection and identification of underground roots by GPR is significantly affected by many factors such as soil water content, root roughness, length, and extension direction. In particular, soil water content has an obvious effect on root detection. In this study, in situ root embedding detection experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of soil water content on root detection via GPR. Combined with the changes in wave velocity, amplitude, and the root reflection coefficient of the GPR, the root point identification rate and root point distance root point root mean square error were analyzed under different average soil water content. The results showed that (1) the wave velocity and amplitude of the GPR were important parameters to determine variations in soil water conten during root detection; (2) the GPR’s velocity decreased and the radar amplitude flattened with the increasing soil water content; (3) as the root diameter increased at different soil depths, the GPR’s wave velocity also increased and the GPR’s amplitude tended to be drastic changes; (4) the root point recognition rate and soil water content were negatively correlated (P<0.05), and the best recognition effect was achieved when the soil water content was 15%-25%. These results are great significance for quantifying the effect of soil moisture content on the root detection accuracy of the GPR. In addition, it provide a reference for using this tool for root detection and are particularly important for the estimation of plant root biomass.

Cite this article

WANG Bo , ZHANG Jianjun , LAI Zongrui , ZHAO Jiongchang , HU Yawei , YANG Zhou , LI Yang , WEI Zhaoyang . Effect of soil moisture content on the accuracy of root configuration detection by ground penetrating radar[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(3) : 456 -466 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.10

References

[1] Cox K D, Scherm H, Serman N. Ground-penetrating radar to detect and quantify residual root fragments following peach orchard clearing[J]. Hort Technology, 2005, 15(3): 600-607.
[2] Butnor J R, Doolittle J A, Kress L, et al. Use of ground-penetrating radar to study tree roots in the southeastern United States[J]. Tree physiology, 2001, 21(17): 1269-1278.
[3] Amram E, Tom B. PlantRoots: The Hidden Half[M]. Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Press, 2013.
[4] Liu X, Dong X, Leskovar D I. Ground penetrating radar for underground sensing in agriculture: A review[J]. International Agrophysics, 2016, 30(4): 533-543.
[5] 徐煖银, 郭泺, 薛达元, 等. 赣南地区土地利用格局及生态系统服务价值的时空演变[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(6): 1969-1978.
  [Xu Xuanyin, Guo Luo, Xue Dayuan, et al. Land use structure and the dynamic evolution of ecosystem service value in Gannan region, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(6): 1969-1978.]
[6] 张建亮, 钱者东, 徐网谷, 等. 国家级自然保护区生态系统格局十年变化(2000—2010年)评估[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(23): 8067-8076.
  [Zhang Jiangliang, Qian Zhedong, Xu Wanggu, et al. Ecosystem pattern variation from 2000 to 2010 in national nature reserves of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(23): 8067-8076.]
[7] 陈万旭, 李江风, 姜卫, 等. 豫西山区土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25(1): 376-381.
  [Chen Wanxu, Li Jiangfeng, Jiang Wei, et al. Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service values based on RS and GIS in western mountainous area of He’nan Province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 25(1): 376-381.]
[8] Conyers L B, Goodman D. Ground-penetrating radar: An introduction for archaeologists[D]. Washington: Altamira Press, 1997.
[9] Guo L, Chen J, Cui X, et al. Application of ground penetrating radar for coarse root detection and quantification: A review[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 362(1-2): 1-23.
[10] Jiri H, ?ermák Jan, ?ustek Svatopluk. Mapping tree root systems with ground-penetrating radar[J]. Tree Physiology, 1999, 19(2): 125-130.
[11] Alani A M, Lantini L. Recent advances in tree root mapping and assessment using non-destructive testing methods: A focus on ground penetrating radar[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2020, 41: 605-646.
[12] Xiao L, Li C, Cai Y. Interactions between soil properties and the rhizome-root distribution in a 12-year Moso bamboo reforested region: Combining ground-penetrating radar and soil coring in the field[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021, 800: 149467.
[13] 赖娜娜, 袁承江, 唐硕, 等. 应用探地雷达探测古树根系分布[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2011, 39(11): 124-126.
  [Lai Nana, Yuan Chengjiang, Tang Shuo, et al. Application of ground-penetrating radar to detection of root system distribution of a veteran tree[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2011, 39(11): 124-126.]
[14] 王泽鹏, 张潇巍, 薛芳秀, 等. 探地雷达树木根系定位与直径估算[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(8): 160-168.
  [Wang Zepeng, Zhang Xiaowei, Xue Fangxiu, et al. Estimating the location and diameter of tree roots using ground penetrating radar[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(8): 160-168.]
[15] 邱啟璜, 牛健植, 王迪, 等. 基于探地雷达识别林地粗根和石砾[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(7): 99-109.
  [Qiu Qihuang, Niu Jianzhi, Wang Di, et al. Identification of coarse roots and rock fragments in woodland based on ground penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(7): 99-109.]
[16] 李蒙, 徐金颢, 戴钊, 等. 基于探地雷达途径的小叶杨粗根空间分布特征研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2023, 38(6): 89-94.
  [Li Meng, Xu Jinhao, Dai Zhao, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of the coarse roots of Populus simonii based on ground penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2023, 38(6): 89-94.]
[17] Bi L, Xing L, Liang H, et al. Estimation of coarse root system diameter based on ground-penetrating radar forward modeling[J]. Forests, 2023, 14: 1370.
[18] Sun D, Jiang F, Wu H, et al. Root location and root diameter estimation of trees based on deep learning and ground-penetrating radar[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(2): 344.
[19] Dannoura M, Hirano Y, Igarashi T. Detection of Cryptomeria japonica roots with ground penetrating radar[J]. Plant Biosystems, 2008, 142(2): 375-380.
[20] Bain J C, Day F P, Butnor J R. Experimental evaluation of several key factors affecting root biomass estimation by 1500 MHz ground-penetrating radar[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(12): 13-37.
[21] 王思淇, 张建军, 张彦勤, 等. 晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1141-1151.
  [Wang Siqi, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Yanqin, et al. Understory plant community diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different densities in the loess plateau of western Shanxi Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1141-1151.]
[22] 胡亚伟, 孙若修, 申明爽, 等. 晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土壤C: N: P化学计量特征及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 990-999.
  [Hu Yawei, Sun Ruoxiu, Shen Mingshuang, et al. Effects of land use types on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C: N: P and the physical and chemical properties of soil in western Shanxi Loess Region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 990-999.]
[23] 刘秀萍, 陈丽华, 陈吉虎. 刺槐和油松根系密度分布特征研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2007, 24(5): 647-651.
  [Liu Xiuping, Chen Lihua, Chen Jihu. Study on the distribution of root density of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2007, 24(5): 647-651.]
[24] 崔喜红, 陈晋, 关琳琳. 探地雷达技术在植物根系探测研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(6): 606-611.
  [Cui Xihong, Chen Jin, Guan Linlin. The application of ground penetrating radar to plant root system detection[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(6): 606-611.]
[25] 韩舒. 基于市政道路三维探地雷达检测技术研究[J]. 山西建筑, 2020, 46(13): 106-108.
  [Han Shu. Research on non-destructive testing technology based on municipal roads[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2020, 46(13): 106-108.]
[26] 游日, 董茂干. 探地雷达的发展与应用[J]. 筑路机械与施工机械化, 2010, 27(5): 20-23, 37.
  [You Ri, Dong Maogan. Development and application of ground penetrating radar[J]. Road Machinery and Construction Mechanization, 2010, 27(5): 20-23, 37.]
[27] 张璐云, 崔喜红, 全振先, 等. 野外自然条件下探地雷达识别植物根系的有效性研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2021, 36(6): 2764-2774.
  [Zhang Luyun, Cui Xihong, Quan Zhenxian, et al. Availability of ground penetrating radar in recognizing plant roots in field[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2021, 36(6): 2764-2774.]
[28] Ryazantsev P A, Hartemink A E, Bakhmet O N. Delineation and description of soil horizons using ground-penetrating radar for soils under boreal forest in Central Karelia (Russia)[J]. Catena, 2022, 214: 106285.
[29] 周岐山, 戴胜生, 袁相权. 浙江山区地质雷达波速分析[J]. 工程勘察, 2014, 42(100): 78-82.
  [Zhou Qishan, Dai Shengsheng, Yuan Xiangquan. GPR wave velocity analysis in the mountainous area of Zhejiang Province[J]. Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, 2014, 42(100): 78-82.]
[30] 何宏智. 探地雷达在地质灾害及地基稳定性研究中的应用[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2019.
  [He Hongzhi. Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in the Study of Geological Disasters and Foundation Stability[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2019.]
[31] Hirano Y, Dannoura M, Aono K, et al. Limiting factors in the detection of tree roots using ground-penetrating radar[J]. Plant Soil, 2009, 319: 15-24
[32] 王齐仁. 隧道地质灾害超前探测方法研究[D]. 湖南: 中南大学, 2008.
  [Wang Qiren. The Study of Advanced Detecting Methods on Tunnel Geological Hazards[D]. Hunan: Central South University, 2008.]
[33] Cui X, Liu X, Cao X, et al. Pairing dual frequency GPR in summer and winter enhances the detection and map of coarse roots in the semi arid shrubland in China[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 71(2): 236-251.
[34] De Aguiar G Z, Lins L, de Paulo M F, et al. Dielectric permittivity effects in the detection of tree roots using ground-penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2021, 193: 104435.
[35] Seyfried D, Schoebel J. Ground penetrating radar for asparagus detection[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2016, 126: 191-197.
[36] Tanikawa T, Ikeno H, Dannoura M, et al. Leaf litter thickness but not plant species can affect root detection by ground penetrating radar[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 408(1-2), 271-283.
[37] 黎蕾, 汤玉喜, 李永进, 等. 基于探地雷达对根系探测的限制性因素研究[J]. 湖南林业科技, 2020, 47(6): 60-67.
  [Li lei, Tang Yuxi, Li Yongjin, et al. Research on limiting factors of root system detection using ground penetrating radar[J]. Hunan Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 47(6): 60-67.]
[38] Barton C V M, Montagu K D. Detection of tree roots and determination of root diameters by ground penetrating radar under optimal conditions[J]. Tree Physiology, 2004, 24(12): 1323-1331.
[39] 王明凯, 李文彬, 文剑. 基于探地雷达对粗根的识别技术研究[J]. 森林工程, 2020, 36(3): 21-27.
  [Wang Mingkai, Li Wenbin, Wen Jian. Study on recognition technology of coarse roots using ground-penetrating radar[J]. Forestry Engineering, 2020, 36(3): 21-27.]
Outlines

/