Spatial and temporal characteristics of crop water footprint and influencing factors in Guanzhong region at the county scale
Received date: 2023-05-23
Revised date: 2023-10-18
Online published: 2024-03-11
Exploring the regional crop water footprint and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns and driving factors can help optimize agricultural production layouts, improve agricultural production and water use efficiency, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. This study quantified and analyzed the water footprint of major crops in 54 counties and districts in the Guanzhong region from 2000 to 2020. Pathway analysis was used to explore the driving factors influencing temporal and spatial changes in crop water footprint. Key findings revealed that: (1) The total water footprint of crops in the Guanzhong region decreased from 2.232 × 108 m3 in 2000 to 2.003 × 108 m3 in 2020. Blue water use was the most dominant, followed by gray water use, with green water use being the lowest, accounting for 37.261%, 36.254%, and 26.485%, respectively. (2) Significant spatial variations existed in the total crop water footprint, showing a high eastern and low western profile. Regions with similar crop water footprints (high-high or low-low) demonstrated an agglomeration distribution. (3) The crops’ green water footprint was primarily influenced by yield per unit area, while the blue water footprint was mainly affected by average wind speed, followed by pesticide use and relative humidity. Additionally, fertilizer application had the greatest impact on the gray water footprint. This finding suggests that agricultural input factors significantly outweigh meteorological factors in influencing the crop water footprint. Consequently, production level and agricultural inputs were primarily responsible for regional water footprint variability. Potential strategies for regulating crop water footprint include: (1) implementing reasonable allocation of precipitation to improve green water utilization to achieve optimal allocation and use of water resources; (2) enhancing irrigation practices by improving irrigation facilities, increasing irrigation efficiency, and reducing irrigation water resource consumption, particularly as irrigation is a significant contributor to the blue water footprint in agricultural water consumption; (3) reducing fertilizer application and pesticide use while ensuring crop yield to minimize water consumption caused by water environment pollution, thereby controlling agricultural water consumption and alleviating pressure on water resources. These study results are beneficial for conserving water resources and improving water use efficiency in the Guanzhong region. They provide crucial support for facilitating sustainable agricultural water management practices.
NIE Hanlin , FAN Liangxin , GUO Jin , ZHANG Mengke , WANG Zhijun . Spatial and temporal characteristics of crop water footprint and influencing factors in Guanzhong region at the county scale[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024 , 41(2) : 339 -352 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.16
| [1] | 闫晨健, 栗萌, 卓拉, 等. 1989—2019年陕西省作物生产水足迹时空演变与节水潜力评价[J]. 资源科学, 2023, 45(1): 158-173. |
| [Yan Chenjian, Li Meng, Zhuo La, et al. Spatiotemporal evolution of water footprint and water-saving potentials of crop production in Shaanxi Province during 1989-2019[J]. Resources Science, 2023, 45(1): 158-173.] | |
| [2] | 张丽丽, 邓晓雅, 龙爱华, 等. 基于农业水足迹的水资源安全时空变化分析——以新疆和田地区为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 436-447. |
| [Zhang Lili, Deng Xiaoya, Long Aihua, et al. Spatial-temporal assessment of water resource security based on the agricultural water footprint: A case in the Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 436-447.] | |
| [3] | 范星, 陈彬. 三江平原粮食作物生产水足迹时空特征及影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(15): 6368-6380. |
| [Fan Xing, Chen Bin. Spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of the water footprint of grain crop production in the Sanjing Plain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(15): 6368-6380.] | |
| [4] | Mekonnen M M, Hoekstra Y. A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of wheat[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2010, 14(7): 1259-1276. |
| [5] | Hoekstra A Y, Chapagain A K. Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern[J]. Water Resources Management, 2007, 21(1): 35-48. |
| [6] | Sangam S, Ranju C, Mukand S B. Quantifying the impact of climate change on crop yield and water footprint of rice in the Nam Oon Irrigation Project, Thailand[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 599-600: 689-699. |
| [7] | Yang X, Zhuo L, Xie P, et al. Physical versus economic water footprints in crop production: A spatial and temporal analysis for China[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2021, 25(1): 169-191. |
| [8] | 孙世坤, 王玉宝, 吴普特, 等. 小麦生产水足迹区域差异及归因分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(13): 142-148. |
| [Sun Shikun, Wang Yubao, Wu Pute, et al. Spatial variability and attribution analysis of water footprint of wheat in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(13): 142-148.] | |
| [9] | 郭相平, 高爽, 吴梦洋, 等. 中国农作物水足迹时空分布与影响因素分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(5): 295-302. |
| [Guo Xiangping, Gao Shuang, Wu Mengyang, et al. Analysis of temporal-spatial distribution and influencing factors of water footprint in crop production system of China[J]. Transactions of the CSAM, 2018, 49(5): 295-302.] | |
| [10] | 陕西省统计局, 国家统计局陕西调查总队. 2021年陕西统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2022. |
| [Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics, Shaanxi General Investigation Team of the National Bureau of Statistics. Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2021[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2022.] | |
| [11] | 陕西省水利厅. 2021年陕西省水资源公报[M]. 西安: 陕西省水利厅, 2022. |
| [Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2021 Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook[M]. Xi’an: Department of Water Resources of Shaanxi Province, 2022.] | |
| [12] | 段爱旺. 北方地区主要农作物灌溉用水定额[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2004. |
| [Duan Aiwang. Water Quotas for Irrigation of Major Crops in the Northern Region[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2004.] | |
| [13] | 尹明财, 朱豪, 胡圆昭, 等. 甘肃省灰水足迹变化特征及驱动因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1810-1818. |
| [Yin Mingcai, Zhu Hao, Hu Yuanzhao, et al. Analysis of various characteristics and driving factors of gray water footprint in Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1810-1818.] | |
| [14] | 杜慧娟, 王光耀, 冉光妍, 等. 面向SDGs的塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1184-1193. |
| [Du Huijuan, Wang Guangyao, Ran Guangyan, et al. Agricultural gray water footprint in the Tarim River Basin using SDGs analysise[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1184-1193.] | |
| [15] | 王艺璇, 贾浩, 逯杰, 等. 黄淮海农作区花生生产水足迹及耗水结构分析[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(12): 3203-3214. |
| [Wang Yixuan, Jia Hao, Lu Jie, et al. Water footprint and water consumption structure of peanut production in Yellow-Huaihe-Hai agricultural area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(12): 3203-3214.] | |
| [16] | 丁学谦, 吴群, 文高辉, 等. 2005—2019年洞庭湖平原耕地面源污染迁移轨迹及空间格局[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(15): 258-266. |
| [Ding Xueqian, Wu Qun, Wen Gaohui, et al. Water footprint and water consumption structure of peanut production in Yellow-Huaihe-Hai agricultural area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 37(15): 258-266.] | |
| [17] | 张鹏岩, 耿文亮, 杨丹, 等. 黄河下游地区土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空演变[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(11): 277-288. |
| [Zhang Pengyan, Geng Wenliang, Yang Dan, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of land use and ecosystem service value in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(11): 277-288.] | |
| [18] | 张广纳, 邵景安, 王金亮, 等. 三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(7): 1197-1209. |
| [Zhang Guangna, Shao Jingan, Wang Jinliang, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(7): 1197-1209.] | |
| [19] | 封琼, 毕忠飞, 刘俊. 淮河流域主要农作物水足迹时空演变及影响因素分析[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2022, 33(6): 213-219. |
| [Feng Qiong, Bi Zhongfei, Liu Jun. Spatial and temporal evolution of water footprint of main crops in Huaihe River Basin and analysis of influencing factors[J]. Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering, 2022, 12(6): 213-219.] | |
| [20] | 操信春, 吴普特, 王玉宝, 等. 中国灌区粮食生产水足迹及用水评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(11): 1826-1835. |
| [Cao Xinchun, Wu Pute, Wang Yubao, et al. Agriculture water utilization assessment based on water footprint of grain production Evaluation in irrigated farmland of China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(11): 1826-1835.] | |
| [21] | 姜秋香, 吴云星, 王子龙, 等. 黑龙江省水足迹时空分布规律及空间均衡分析[J]. 水资源保护, 2022, 38(5): 122-131. |
| [Jiang Qiuxiang, Wu Yunxing, Wang Zilong, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution and spatial equilibrium analysis of water footprint in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2022, 38(5): 122-131.] | |
| [22] | 高洁, 吴普特, 谢朋轩, 等. 灌区蓝绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时空分布量化分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(5): 105-112. |
| [Gao Jie, Wu Pute, Xie Pengxuan, et al. Quantitative analysis of multi spatial and temporal distribution of blue-green water resources and crop production water footprint in irrigated areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(5): 105-112.] | |
| [23] | 冯变变, 刘小芳, 赵勇钢, 等. 山西省作物生产蓝绿水足迹核算及影响因素分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25(4): 200-205. |
| [Feng Bianbian, Liu Xiaofang, Zhao Yonggang, et al. Estimale of blue and green water footprint of crop production and analysis of its influencing factors in Shanxi Province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 25(4): 200-205.] | |
| [24] | 薛冰, 董书恒, 黄裕普, 等. 1980—2016年辽宁省主要粮食作物生产水足迹时空演变特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(9): 2813-2820. |
| [Xue Bing, Dong Shuheng, Huang Yupu, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of water footprint during the production of main grain crops in Liaoning Province from 1980 to 2016[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(9): 2813-2820.] | |
| [25] | 高海燕, 李王成, 李晨, 等. 宁夏主要农作物生产水足迹及其变化趋势研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2020, 39(3): 110-118. |
| [Gao Haiyan, Li Wangcheng, Li Chen, et al. Water footprints of main crops and their change in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2020, 39(3): 110-118.] | |
| [26] | 李晓格, 张颖, 单永娟. 基于能值生态足迹模型的榆林市水资源可持续利用研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1066-1075. |
| [Li Xiaoge, Zhang Ying, Shan Yongjuan. Sustainable utilization of water resources in Yulin City based on an emergy ecological footprint model[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1066-1075.] | |
| [27] | 张绍庆. 陕西省农业干旱动态风险评估与驱动力研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2023. |
| [Zhang Shaoqin. Dynamic Risk and Driving Force of Agricultural Drought in Shaanxi Procince[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2023.] | |
| [28] | Ruttan V W. The transition to agricultural sustainability[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999, 96(11): 5960-5967. |
| [29] | Cao X, Zeng W, Wu M, et al. Water resources efficiency assessment in crop production from the perspective of water footprint[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 309: 127371. |
| [30] | 田嘉欣, 党小虎, 杨志, 等. 水足迹视角下黄土高原经济林果扩张的水安全风险分析——以苹果种植为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(10): 2750-2762. |
| [Tian Jiaxin, Dang Xiaohu, Yang Zhi, et al. Analysis of water security risk of cash forest expansion in the Loess Plateau in terms of water footprint: A case study of apple planting[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(10): 2750-2762.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |