Abstract: In this paper, the influence intensity of soil physicochemical properties on soil enzyme activities was studied with the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis based on analyzing 4 soil enzymatic activities including catalase, urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase and 7 soil physicochemical properties including soil moisture content, total salt content, pH value, organic matter content, total N content, available phosphorus content, and available nitrogen content of different soils in a typical desert ecosystem in the Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve. The results showed that soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties were obviously different from the five soil types. Specifically, the soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties of chernozem soil were better than those of other soils. Path analysis revealed that soil organic matter content was the leading factor affecting soil enzyme activity; available phosphorus content was the main factor affecting soil catalase activity and had the maximum path coefficient and determinative coefficient; soil total nitrogen content was the decision factor of urease activity and had the highest direct path coefficient; available nitrogen content had the intensive effects on invertase and phosphatase activities; soil total salt content was the main factor of restricting soil invertase. Compared with correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis, path analysis could be used to objectively and comprehensively assess the influences of soil physicochemical properties on soil enzyme activity.