Abstract: The serious air pollution in Urumqi is caused by the special hill and valley terrains, irrational energy structure and increase of the consumption of heating energy in winter, which intensify the environmental problems. Even in the better environment, people still feel that the city is being shrouded by “black fog”. The present study investigated one of the important factors, [WTBX]i.e.[WTBZ] the impact of atmospheric aerosols on light. Aiming at revealing the different periods of aerosols affecting visible light, the integrating nephelometer was used to observe the scattering and absorption coefficients of aerosols during the period from January to May 2012. The variations of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients in winter and spring were analyzed based on the meteorological and pollutant concentration data. The results showed that the change trends of scattering and absorption coefficients in winter and spring were similar, and their curves were Wshaped. The maximal values of scattering and absorbing coefficients in winter and spring were 1 210 Mm^-1, 244 Mm^-1, 95 Mm^-1 and 42 Mm^-1 respectively. Moreover, the scattering and absorbing coefficients in winter were 10-20 and 5-10 times of that in spring. The results indicated that the extinction of aerosols was mainly depended on scatting. There was a significant correlation between the relative humidity and wind speed and the scattering and absorbing coefficients. The reason was that the increase of air relative humidity helped the aerosol condensation and the increase of aerosol particle size. Wind speed had a positive effect on the scattering and absorption of aerosols, and it also played an important role in concentration reduction and dispersion of pollutants. There was a significant correlation between pollutant concentration and scattering and absorption coefficients, and the effect of PM ₁₀ and NO₂ on the scattering coefficient was higher than that of absorbing coefficient. The results indicated that the contribution of PM ₁₀ to the scattering coefficient was higher than that to the absorption coefficient in north China. SO₂ and NO₂ affected significantly the scattering and absorbing coefficients of aerosols. It could be conclude that the effects of different pollutants on the scattering and absorption coefficients of aerosols were different.