Abstract: By virtue of previous studies and environmental monitoring data, this paper discusses the main ecological environmental problems in south Xinjiang in recent years, and analyzes the factors affecting these problems. The results show that the environmental change in south Xinjiang is affected by both natural and human factors. The natural factors are mainly precipitation, temperature, occurring frequency and intensity of dust weather, water resources, etc. Furthermore, climate change in this region is characterized by the increase of both temperature and precipitation and the decrease of occurring frequency of dust weather. The human factors are mainly characterized by environmental pressure that comes from continuant population growth, excessive exploitation of water and land resources, rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, etc. However, rational exploitation of water and land resources may bring about the positive effects to ecological environment, such as the improvement  of local climate, reduction of aridity and sandstorm disasters, control of land desertification, and improvement of service functions of artificial oasis ecosystem. Therefore, the change of natural factors and the disturbance of human factors can bring about positive and negative effects to the development of ecosystems in south Xinjiang. 

Key words: environment change, natural factor, human factor, ecological regeneration, south Xinjiang