和田河流域水化学特征与地下水补给来源分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.02

Abstract

Abstract:

The characteristics of hydrochemistry and groundwater recharge in the Hotan River Basin were studied by analyzing the chemical composition of water, primary recharge sources, and mutual transformation of water bodies (wells, ponds, and rivers) in the different geomorphic units. For this, SPSS statistical analysis, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and isotope tracing methods (D, ¹⁸O, and¹⁴C) were used. The results showed that (1) the water bodies mainly originated from the ice- and snow-meltwater and precipitation in the mid and high mountainous areas>2000 m in the south. From the mountains to the desert, the chemical type and salinity of the groundwater showed obvious zonal characteristics. The different water bodies were weakly alkaline, and the ion composition and TDS values varied with the overall order of pond>well>river. The NO₃^- contents of a few groundwater samples were significantly abnormal. (2) the groundwater in the gravel plain area mainly received vertical and disconnected recharge from the surface river water. The groundwater had a fast renewal rate, low salinity, and major water-rock interactions, mainly of the SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg type. (3) the TDS value of the groundwater in the fine soil plain area varied over an extensive range, mostly of the Cl·SO₄-Na type. In the inter-river block, the groundwater near the upstream received surface water and lateral runoff from the adjacent areas, and the ¹⁴C age was small. “Drift Oxygen” of δD and δ¹⁸O isotopes in the groundwater of the middle and lower reaches could be generally observed. The ¹⁴C age of the groundwater in the watershed was considerable but minuscule near the riverbank. The relation between the groundwater and the river was close. On both sides of the inter-river block, the groundwater runoff flowed along the northeast and northwest directions, respectively, and finally discharged into the peripheral desert area. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable development and utilization of water resources and protect the ecology and environment of the Hotan River Basin.

Key words: hydrochemistry, groundwater, recharging source, isotope, Hotan River Basin

LI Xiaodeng, CHANG Liang, DUAN Rui, WANG Qian, ZHANG Qunhui, YANG Bingchao. Analysis of the hydrochemistry characteristics and groundwater recharge sources in the Hotan River Basin, China[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(6): 917-927.

Figures/Tables 9

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类型	指标	K⁺/(mg·L^-1)	Na⁺/(mg·L^-1)	Ca²⁺/(mg·L^-1)	Mg²⁺/(mg·L^-1)	Cl^-/(mg·L^-1)	SO₄^2-/(mg·L^-1)	HCO₃^-/(mg·L^-1)	NO₃^-/(mg·L^-1)	TDS/(mg·L^-1)	pH
地下水	极差	39.20	689.39	108.77	131.21	1101.43	653.69	572.59	18.49	2681.04	0.57
	最小值	5.66	52.65	39.33	7.55	73.74	105.53	134.30	0.25	381.16	7.59
	最大值	44.86	742.04	148.10	138.76	1175.17	759.22	706.89	18.74	3062.20	8.16
	平均值	19.73	283.87	82.04	64.21	403.08	265.50	351.25	4.57	1299.64	7.90
	标准差	7.74	165.22	33.66	32.03	243.67	134.20	139.56	4.11	587.82	0.17
	变异系数	0.39	0.58	0.41	0.50	0.60	0.51	0.40	0.90	0.45	0.02
坑塘水	极差	61.81	1166.35	205.89	220.80	1522.22	1318.54	383.36	16.41	3851.77	2.13
	最小值	14.82	214.35	19.67	49.42	264.46	236.93	163.60	3.02	1036.91	7.70
	最大值	76.63	1380.70	225.56	270.22	1786.68	1555.47	546.96	19.43	4888.68	9.83
	平均值	53.21	844.05	83.38	154.19	917.45	749.27	361.08	6.39	3028.06	8.53
	标准差	20.72	414.77	77.33	69.00	523.16	479.44	152.65	5.53	1319.11	0.70
	变异系数	0.39	0.49	0.93	0.45	0.57	0.64	0.42	0.87	0.44	0.08
河水	极差	5.05	80.33	28.50	19.48	123.37	73.98	80.58	2.87	366.78	0.46
	最小值	5.30	46.48	50.97	10.22	63.10	79.55	148.95	2.10	338.26	7.77
	最大值	10.35	126.81	79.47	29.70	186.47	153.53	229.53	4.97	705.04	8.23
	平均值	7.03	79.28	62.73	18.08	111.31	120.12	176.51	4.02	491.49	7.98
	标准差	1.75	28.00	10.49	6.47	41.55	25.64	31.75	0.99	123.60	0.16
	变异系数	0.25	0.35	0.17	0.36	0.37	0.21	0.18	0.25	0.25	0.02

类型	指标 /‰	极差 /‰	最小值 /‰	最大值 /‰	平均值 /‰	标准差	变异系数
地下水	δD	27.50	-69.12	-41.62	-55.02	6.37	-0.12
	δ¹⁸O	3.86	-11.31	-7.45	-8.91	1.00	-0.11
	d-excess	13.17	11.88	25.05	16.25	3.07	0.19
坑塘水	δD	44.11	-41.40	2.72	-26.63	15.09	-0.57
	δ¹⁸O	10.13	-6.46	3.67	-2.88	3.71	-1.29
	d-excess	37.26	-26.95	10.30	-3.57	15.01	-4.20
河水	δD	8.71	-51.77	-43.07	-47.15	2.95	-0.06
	δ¹⁸O	1.97	-9.32	-7.34	-8.40	0.74	-0.09
	d-excess	13.32	15.68	29.00	20.05	5.68	0.28

样品编号	井深/m	水位埋深/m	取样高程/m	补给高程/m	δD/‰	δO/‰	d-excess/‰	¹⁴C年龄/aB.P.
G6	130	4.03	1316	1932	－48.92	－7.68	12.55	330
G8	120	4.21	1299	2379	－53.66	－8.32	12.90	2930
G10	80	4.27	1275	2067	－53.88	－8.38	13.16	320
G12	100	3.75	1260	2127	－55.33	－8.57	13.21	9780
G14	75	3.45	1268	2636	－66.02	－9.82	12.54	7290
G25	85	3.13	1315	1929	－53.00	－8.37	13.96	810

Analysis of the hydrochemistry characteristics and groundwater recharge sources in the Hotan River Basin, China

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