黄河源高寒退化草地典型鼠丘土壤风蚀及养分流失规律研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.04.07

Abstract

Abstract:

Numerous rodent mounds are found in areas with rodent activity in alpine grasslands in the Yellow River source zone, and soil wind erosion easily occurs owing to the dry and windy climate. The present study investigated the characteristics and trends of soil wind erosion in rodent mounds using plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) and plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) mounds in 14 test areas at different altitudes and with different vegetation coverage in the Yellow River source basin. Field-simulated wind erosion was used to determine the trends of soil loss and nutrient loss in rodent mounds in different regions under different wind speeds. The results showed a significant difference in the amount of soil loss from wind erosion between the different regions (P<0.05). When the wind speed was low, there was no significant difference in soil loss between the two types of rodent mounds. When the wind speed was increased to 12 m·s^-1, the soil loss in the plateau pika mound was greater than that in the plateau zokor mound (P<0.05). When the wind speed increased from 3 to 12 m·s^-1, the average increase in soil loss in the two types of mounds was 238.16% and 146.31%, respectively. (2) The wind erosion rate of the mound soil in each test area generally showed a decreasing trend with decreasing wind speed. Vegetation coverage was a significant factor affecting the mound soil loss at low wind speeds and was related to altitude. (3) With an increase in grassland degradation levels, the soil total nitrogen content, available nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter content decreased significantly, whereas total phosphorus, total potassium, and available phosphorus showed an upward trend. This study shows that the difference in soil wind erosion in different regions of the Yellow River source zone is closely associated with soil moisture content, particle size, and wind speed.

Key words: Yellow River source, rodents, rodent mound, soil wind erosion, nutrient loss

YUE Dalin, LI Guorong, LI Jinfang, LI Xilai, ZHAO Jianyun, ZHU Haili, LIU Yabin, HU Xiasong. Soil wind erosion and nutrient loss in typical rodent mounds in a degraded alpine grassland in the Yellow River source zone[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(4): 603-617.

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试验区域	试验点名称	试验区编号	平均海拔/m	平均植被盖度/%
兴海县	兴海01	XH01	3488	65.66
同德县	同德01	TD01	3616	53.50
玛沁县	玛沁01	MQing01	3310	65.20
	玛沁02	MQing02	3751	73.15
	玛沁03	MQing03	4073	48.35
玛多县	玛多01	MD01	4210	55.83
玛多县	玛多02	MD02	4074	57.52
达日县	达日01	DR01	3852	67.38
甘德县	甘德02	GD01	4372	60.61
久治县	久治01	JZ01	3832	42.32
久治县	久治02	JZ02	3608	76.89
玛曲县	玛曲01	MQu01	3513	67.10
玛曲县	玛曲02	MQu02	3640	76.31
河南县	河南01	HN01	3452	86.28

试验区	d₆₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₁₀/mm	C_u	C_c	试验区	d₆₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₁₀/mm	C_u	C_c
XH01	0.18	0.09	0.05	3.67	0.94	DR01	0.52	0.18	0.10	5.42	0.65
TD01	0.19	0.11	0.08	2.53	0.85	GD01	0.35	0.15	0.08	4.38	0.80
MQing01	0.40	0.14	0.06	6.78	0.83	JZ01	0.17	0.11	0.08	2.21	0.92
MQing02	0.45	0.18	0.09	4.89	0.78	JZ02	0.90	0.30	0.14	6.43	0.71
MQing03	0.23	0.12	0.07	3.24	0.88	MQu01	0.40	0.15	0.07	5.71	0.80
MD01	0.45	0.16	0.08	5.77	0.73	MQu02	0.93	0.23	0.08	11.48	0.70
MD02	0.61	0.20	0.07	8.59	0.92	HN01	0.90	0.23	0.07	13.04	0.85

试验区编号	鼠兔鼠丘/%		鼢鼠鼠丘/%
试验区编号	3 m·s^-1	12 m·s^-1	3 m·s^-1	12 m·s^-1
XH01	0.59	1.06	0.44	1.45
TD01	0.76	2.54	0.99	1.54
MQing01	0.34	1.5	0.4	1.32
MQQing02	0.3	0.73	0.39	0.51
MQing03	1.01	2.73	1.33	1.69
MD01	1.16	2.24	1.07	1.32
MD02	0.59	1.28	0.27	1.11
DR01	0.51	2.89	0.29	1.39
GD01	1.21	2.64	0.84	2.52
JZ01	1.61	3.11	1.69	2.21
JZ02	0.29	0.4	0.14	0.91
MQu01	0.63	1.12	1.22	1.96
MQu02	0.17	0.86	0.12	0.35
HN01	0.17	0.89	0.09	0.97

源	III类平方和	自由度	均方	F	显著性	偏Eta平方
修正模型	1.397^a	3	0.466	8.385	0.004	0.716
截距	5.765	1	5.765	103.804	0.000	0.912
植被盖度	1.094	1	1.094	19.709	0.001	0.663
海拔	0.302	1	0.302	5.434	0.042	0.352
植被盖度×海拔	0.031	1	0.031	0.557	0.473	0.053
误差	0.555	10	0.056	-	-	-
总计	7.459	14	-	-	-	-
修正后总计	1.952	13	-	-	-	-

	全氮/(g·kg^-1)	全磷/(g·kg^-1)	全钾/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮/(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾/(mg·kg^-1)	有机质/(g·kg^-1)
原生草地	2.35	1.53	19.35	181.03	8.10	162.34	40.94
草地退化区	2.18	1.56	19.57	171.89	8.37	159.06	36.90
高原鼠兔鼠丘	2.12	1.65	19.71	169.67	10.71	158.26	37.44
高原鼢鼠鼠丘	2.00	1.57	20.07	151.19	8.15	153.16	31.46

Soil wind erosion and nutrient loss in typical rodent mounds in a degraded alpine grassland in the Yellow River source zone

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[2]	LIU Caihong,WANG Pengling,WEN Tingting,YU Di,BAI Wenrong. Spatio-temporal characteristics of climate change in the Yellow River source area from 1960 to 2019 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 293-302.