双龙沟矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.10

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the succession and species diversity of plant communities in the process of gangue treatment, the text used the time-space substitution method to select the different years (2, 5, and 10 a) of gangue treatment in Shuanglong ditch, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, and the untreated gangue as the contrast (CK) sample plots. The vegetation was surveyed, and the succession characteristics and species diversity of plant communities were analyzed. The results show that: (1) during the process of Shuanglong ditch gangue treatment, we identified 55 species of plants belonging to 40 genera and 24 families in 4 sample plots. Among these taxa, 15 families were single families, single genus, and single species. There were 28 species of Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Rosaceae, which accounted for 12.5% of the total number of families and 50.91% of the total species. Most of the species belonged to a few families, and most plant species belonged to a single family and a single genus. (2) During the years of gangue treatment, the dominant species of the community gradually changed from annual or perennial herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs. The number of plant species in the CK was 11, and after 5 years of gangue treatment, we identified 28 species, which decreased to 18 species after 10 years of gangue treatment. Finally, Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, and Hippophae rhamnoides become the dominant species in the sample plot; and these three plants comprised 48.107. (3) With increasing gangue treatment time, the number of species, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef richness index gradually increased from CK to 5 years after gangue treatment, reaching maximum values of 28, 3.506, and 2.877 respectively. The Pielou evenness index changed little, although we observed a trend of “falling-rising-falling.” In contrast, the Simpson dominance index showed a trend of “rising-falling-rising,” reaching the maximum value of 0.359 after 10 years of gangue treatment. (4) The length of time of gangue treatment greatly impacted the quantitative characteristics of the plant population. Plant height significantly increased from CK, 2-10 a (P < 0.05). Coverage significantly increased from CK to 5 a and 10 a of treatment (P < 0.05). The number of plants increased significantly from CK to 10 a of treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that years of gangue treatment greatly impacted vegetation succession and species diversity in the Shuanglong ditch of the eastern section of Qilian Mountains; and the plant community has gradually become single and stable.

Key words: Shuanglong ditch, gangue treatment, syndynamic, importance value, diversity of species

WANG Lide, SONG Dacheng, LI Guangyu, ZHAO Heran, ZHENG Kewen. Syndynamic and diversity of species during gangue treatment in Shuanglong ditch[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1294-1303.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Effects of treatment years of gangue on species importance value of vegetation community"

编号	物种	植物生活型	修复年限
编号	物种	植物生活型	CK	2 a	5 a	10 a
1	臭蒿Artemisia hedinii	草本	14.763	0	0	0
2	垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans	草本	13.361	18.548	4.212	11.789
3	风毛菊Saussurea japonica	草本	10.841	2.180
4	高原毛茛Ranunculus tanguticus	草本	13.372	1.732
5	还阳参Crepis rigescens	草本	13.912	2.144
6	山卷耳Cerastium pusillum	草本	7.036	2.433
7	委陵菜Potentilla chinensis	草本	4.763
8	西藏点地梅Androsace mariae	草本	4.771
9	小果滨藜Microgynoecium tibeticum	草本	6.579
10	糙叶蝇子草Silene trachyphylla	草本	0	1.609
11	车前Plantago asiatica	草本	0	2.977	3.955
12	多茎委陵菜Potentilla multicaulis	草本	0	3.800	5.794
13	蕨麻Potentilla anserina	草本	0	10.921	1.727	1.535
14	甘肃蒿Artemisia gansuensis	草本	0	5.822
15	蒙古蒿Artemisia mongolica	草本	0	2.179		5.103
16	披碱草Elymus dahuricus	草本	0	7.998	0.713
17	肉果草Lancea tibetica	草本	0	2.599
18	涩荠Malcolmia africana	草本	0	1.829
19	天山千里光Senecio thianschanicus	草本	0	4.143	3.253
20	驼舌草Goniolimon speciosum	草本	0	2.710
21	鼬瓣花Galeopsis bifida	草本	0	2.865		1.993
22	早熟禾Poa annua	草本	0	2.612	2.066	19.155
23	矮火绒草Leontopodium nanum	草本	0		4.140
24	丛生钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana var. caespitosa	草本	0		2.390
25	钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana	草本	0		1.946
26	短花针茅Stipa breviflora	草本	0		0.980
27	佛子茅Calamagrostis epigeios	草本	0		1.853
28	火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides	草本	0		6.999
29	蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	草本	0		2.311
30	苔草Carex spp.	草本	0		4.599
31	椭圆叶花锚Halenia elliptica	草本	0		0.975
32	细果角茴香Hypecoum leptocarpum	草本	0		2.880
33	细叶亚菊Ajania tenuifolia	草本	0		2.226
34	圆穗蓼Polygonum macrophyllum	草本	0		1.127
35	圆柱披碱草Elymus dahuricus var. cylindricus	草本	0		1.880
36	狭叶委陵菜Potentilla stenophylla	草本	0		0.777
37	沼生柳叶菜Epilobium palustre	草本	0		1.537
38	珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum	草本	0		3.311
39	北方拉拉藤Galium boreale	草本	0			2.303
40	短腺小米草Euphrasia regelii	草本	0			2.561
41	二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca	草本	0			1.357
42	甘青铁线莲Clematis tangutica	藤本	0			8.242
43	灰绿黄堇Corydalis adunca	草本	0			2.728
44	老鸛草Geranium wilfordii	草本	0			1.409
45	马莲Iris lactea	草本	0			2.715
46	秦艽Gentiana macrophμlla	草本	0			2.176
47	乳白香青Anaphalis lactea	草本	0			2.267
48	悬钩子Rubus corchorifolius	灌木	7.102
49	银露梅Potentilla glabra	灌木	3.5	3.898	11.501	6.412
50	金露梅Potentilla fruticosa	灌木	0	2.791	6.849
51	沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides	灌木	0	9.028	10.303	17.163
52	小叶柳Salix hypoleuca	灌木	0	1.945
53	西北沼委陵菜Comarum salesovianum	灌木	0	3.236	7.131	7.730
54	肋果沙棘（小）Hippophae neurocarpa	灌木	0		2.565
55	忍冬Lonicera japonica	灌木	0			3.361

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

References 29

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编号	治理年限/a	海拔/m	纬度	经度	群落优势种
0a-1	0	3113	37°22′13″N	102°22′53″E	臭蒿（Artemisia hedinii）、还阳参（Crepis rigescens）、高原毛茛（Ranunculus tanguticus）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）
0a-2	0	3050	37°22′17″N	102°23′6″E
0a-3	0	3052	37°22′14″N	102°23′7″E
2a-1	2	3048	37°22′16″N	102°23′9″E	垂穗披碱草、蕨麻（Potentilla anserina）、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)
2a-2	2	3048	37°22′16″N	102°23′9″E
2a-3	2	3048	37°22′16″N	102°23′9″E
5a-1	5	3003	37°22′6″N	102°23′45″E	银露梅（Potentilla glabra）、沙棘、西北沼委陵菜（Comarum salesovianum）、火绒草（Leontopodium leontopodioides）
5a-2	5	2966	37°22′7″N	102°23′47″E
5a-3	5	2663	37°23′49″N	102°29′12″E
10a-1	10	2959	37°22′18″N	102°23′55″E	早熟禾（Poa annua）、沙棘、垂穗披碱草、西北沼委陵菜
10a-2	10	2868	37°22′26″N	102°25′23″E
10a-3	10	2652	37°23′49″N	102°29′15″E

编号	科	属数	物种数
1	菊科（Asteraceae）	8	11
2	禾本科（Poaceae）	4	6
3	蔷薇科（Rosaceae）	3	11
4	毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）	2	2
5	石竹科（Caryophyllaceae）	2	2
6	报春花科（Primulaceae）	1	1
7	苋科（Amaranthaceae）	1	1
8	车前科（Plantaginaceae）	1	1
9	通泉草科（Mazaceae）	1	1
10	十字花科（Brassicaceae）	1	1
11	白花丹科（Plumbaginaceae）	1	1
12	唇形科（Lamiaceae）	1	1
13	莎草科（Cyperaceae）	1	1
14	龙胆科（Gentianaceae）	2	2
15	罂粟科（Papaveraceae）	2	2
16	蓼科（Polygonaceae）	1	2
17	柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）	1	1
18	茜草科（Rubiaceae）	1	1
19	列当科（Orobanchaceae）	1	1
20	牻牛儿苗科（Geraniaceae）	1	1
21	鸢尾科（Iridaceae）	1	1
22	胡颓子科（Elaeagnaceae）	1	2
23	杨柳科（Salicaceae）	1	1
24	忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）	1	1
合计		40	55

治理年限	物种数(S)	Shannon(H)	Pielou(E)	Simpson(C)	Margalef(D_MG)
CK	11	2.266	0.655	0.284	1.417
2 a	23	2.280	0.504	0.325	2.438
5 a	28	3.506	0.729	0.159	2.877
10 a	18	2.039	0.489	0.359	1.734

样地	株高/cm	盖度/%	植物株数/(株·m^-2)
CK	3.170±0.208a	22.551±2.328a	157.037±13.838a
2	15.595±1.004b	36.305±2.448ab	227.502±17.027ab
5	23.223±3.776b	52.710±5.068b	276.704±85.779ab
10	100.585±12.030c	89.562±2.176c	425.061±36.571b

Syndynamic and diversity of species during gangue treatment in Shuanglong ditch

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