牧区河岸潜流带硝酸盐氮和氨氮浓度对水文过程的响应机制

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.09

Abstract

Abstract:

In pastoral and irrigated agricultural areas, nitrogen-containing livestock, poultry manure, and nitrogen fertilizers can enter the surface water and groundwater from the soil, and this is the main source of non-point source pollution in basins. The riparian hyporheic zone acts as an effective barrier to reduce the nitrogen pollution load. Understanding the mechanisms of the migration, transformation, and removal of nitrogen in riparian hyporheic zones is key to controlling nitrogen pollution in the whole basin. In this study, an upper reach of the Xilin River, located in typical pastoral areas, was selected and its water levels, ammonia (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃^-) concentrations, as well as the related environmental factors of the river water and riparian groundwater during the summer flood season, were continuously monitored. Based on the high-solution measurements, a water flow and nitrogen reactive transport model of the riparian hyporheic zones was established using FEFLOW. The model fitted using the measured data was found to accurately reproduce the water level dynamics and two main nitrogen concentrations in the riparian hyporheic zone. The results indicate that there is a high risk of nitrogen pollution in the riparian zones during the summer flood season. The NH₄⁺ concentration in the riparian zones can increase from 0.2 mg·L^-1 before rainfall events to 7.23 mg·L^-1 after rainfall events, and the NO₃^- concentration can increase from 1 mg·L^-1 to 8.27 mg·L^-1. Both measured and simulated results show that the nitrogen dynamics in the hyporheic zone are closely related to hydrological processes such as rainfall events and groundwater-surface water exchange. During rainfall events, NO₃^- with high mobility was found to infiltrate from the river and the ground surface into the riparian zone due to the leaching effect, resulting in a significant increase in the concentration. Meanwhile, the groundwater-river water exchange enhanced by rainfall events can further regulate NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ concentrations in the riparian hyporheic zone by controlling the input of nutrients and affecting the biogeochemical nitrogen cycles. This study preliminarily reveals the buffering mechanisms of pastoral riparian zones in the hydrological and biogeochemical processes involving nitrogen and provides scientific references for the nitrogen pollution control in pastoral areas.

Key words: riparian hyporheic zone, nitrogen transport, hydrological process, groundwater simulation, Xilin River

XUE Dongyuan, HU Haizhu, ZHANG Jinning, REN Jiawei. Response mechanisms of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations to hydrological processes in the riparian hyporheic zone of pastoral areas[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 937-948.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Model parameter values"

模型参数	给水度 /(m³·h^-1)	渗透系数 /(m·d^-1)	纵向弥散度/m	横向弥散度/m	分子扩散系数/(m²·s^-1)	一级反应常数/d^-1
模型参数	给水度 /(m³·h^-1)	渗透系数 /(m·d^-1)	纵向弥散度/m	横向弥散度/m	分子扩散系数/(m²·s^-1)	$N O 3 -$	$N H 4 +$
参数值	0.1	1.75~3.25	10	1	1×10^-9	0.79	3.81
取值依据	[35]	实测	[36]	[36]	[37]	[38-39]	[38-39]

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 2

Parameter sensitivity analysis results of the established model"

参数增量	$N O 3 -$ 浓度相对于基本情景的减小量/(mg·L^-1)			$N H 4 +$ 浓度相对于基本情景的减小量/(mg·L^-1)
参数增量	10％	20％	40％	10％	20％	40％
纵向弥散度α_L	0.011	0.029	0.067	0.007	0.013	0.035
横向弥散度α_T	0.001	0.003	0.007	0.001	0.001	0.002
分子扩散系数D₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
$N O 3 -$ 衰减系数K₁	1.029	1.410	2.642	-	-	-
$N H 4 +$ 衰减系数K₂	-	-	-	0.467	0.683	1.131

Tab. 2

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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Response mechanisms of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations to hydrological processes in the riparian hyporheic zone of pastoral areas

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