疏勒河中游湿地景观时空演变及其影响因素
收稿日期: 2021-01-18
修回日期: 2021-03-15
网络出版日期: 2022-01-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41461013);国家自然科学基金项目(41861009)
Spatial-temporal evolution of wetland landscape patterns and its influencing factors in the middle reaches of the Shule River
Received date: 2021-01-18
Revised date: 2021-03-15
Online published: 2022-01-24
湿地景观格局能够反映湿地类型的面积变化和空间分布特征,其时空演变有助于理解干扰因子与湿地生态过程之间的作用关系。选择疏勒河中游的库塘湿地、永久性河流湿地和内陆盐沼等5种湿地类型,采用景观格局分析法和主成分分析方法,研究了湿地类型面积、景观指数时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 1987—2017年疏勒河中游湿地总面积减少了477.24 km2,其中库塘湿地、永久性河流湿地和内陆盐沼面积分别减少了50.99%、53.28%和35.78%,草本沼泽和沼泽化草甸面积增加了175.26%和21.89%。（2） 各湿地在景观水平和类型水平上,斑块密度和景观形状指数呈现波动增大趋势,湿地景观斑块趋向破碎化和零散分布。（3） 2017年人口、耕地较1987年分别增加了1.2倍和1.5倍,社会经济发展主要指标对湿地面积变化的解释度为68.89%,气候因子对其的解释度为22.09%。过去30 a人口增长、耕地扩张和水利工程建设导致了疏勒河中游湿地面积减少和景观破碎化。
王毓芳,赵成章,曾红霞,康满萍,赵婷婷,唐玉瑞 . 疏勒河中游湿地景观时空演变及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022 , 39(1) : 282 -291 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.27
Wetland landscape patterns can reflect the area variations and the spatial distribution characteristics of wetland types; and their spatio-temporal evolution assists in understanding the relationship between disturbance factors and wetland ecological processes. In this paper, five wetland types—including reservoir wetland, permanent river wetland, and inland salt marsh—were selected for analysis in the middle reaches of the Shule River in China. Landscape pattern, correlation, and principal component analysis were used to study the area of these wetland types, the spatio-temporal evolution of the landscape index and its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) In the past 30 years, the total area of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Shule River decreased by 477.24 km2. Among the wetland types, reservoir wetlands, permanent river wetlands, and inland salt marshes decreased by 50.99%, 53.28%, and 35.78%, respectively, whereas the herb marsh and swamp meadow areas increased by 175.26% and 21.89%, respectively. (2) At the landscape and class levels, the patch density and landscape shape index of each wetland type showed a trend of fluctuation and increase, and the patch density of the wetland landscape tended to be fragmented and scattered. (3) In 2017, the population and cultivated land experienced a 1.2-fold and 1.5-fold increase, respectively, compared with 1987. The interpretation degree of the main indicators of social and economic development on wetland area change was 68.69%, and that of climatic factors was 22.09%. Population growth, farmland expansion, and water conservancy projects over the past 30 years led to the reduction of wetland areas and landscape fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Shule River.
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