生态脆弱性评价是了解区域生态状况的重要途径,科学评估生态脆弱性等级及变化对区域生态保护与建设,实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。研究利用SRP模型构建新疆生态脆弱性评价指标体系,结合空间主成分分析方法构建生态脆弱性指数评价模型,分析新疆生态脆弱性时空演变特征。结果表明：（1） 2000—2018年,新疆生态敏感性整体为中度敏感,呈现东南高西北低,主要受景观破碎度和土壤侵蚀程度影响;生态恢复力受植被覆盖度影响较大,整体呈西北高、东南低,变化幅度小,恢复力较弱;生态压力大致呈南、北部的山区和中部绿洲区、山区高、东南低,主要影响因子是人均GDP、农业依赖度和人口密度。（2） 2000—2018年新疆生态脆弱性整体处于中度脆弱到重度脆弱。南、北部植被覆盖度低的地区生态脆弱等级较高,中部高海拔林草丰富地区生态脆弱性等级相对较低;2000—2018年新疆生态脆弱性综合指数呈现先增长后降低趋势。（3） 生态脆弱性主要驱动力方面,人为活动因子的农业依赖度、人口密度、土地垦殖率,自然环境因子的生境质量指数、景观破碎度、景观恢复力指数和年均降水量7个指标是新疆2000—2018年生态脆弱性变化的主要单因子;生境质量指数、景观恢复力指数、景观破碎度指数、植被覆盖率的变化与区域人类活动的相互作用是促使新疆生态脆弱性的主要驱动力。

Ecological vulnerability assessment is an important way to understand regional ecological conditions. There are great significance for regional ecological protection and construction. This study establishes ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on the SRP model, analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2018. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the ecological sensitivity index was generally at moderate sensitivity, showing high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and it was greatly affected by landscape fragmentation and soil erosion. The ecological resilience index was mainly affected by vegetation coverage, high in northwest and low in southeast, and it was relatively stable, mainly low-recovery states. The ecological stress index was mainly influenced by per capita GDP, agricultural dependence, and population density. It was high in the northern, southern mountainous areas and central Oasis and mountainous, and low in the southeast. (2) Ecological vulnerability was overall moderate to severely fragile level from 2000 to 2018 in Xinjiang. In north and south of Xinjiang, there are low vegetation coverage, low rainfall, and high aridity, so higher ecological fragility was observed. In contrast, the high-altitude areas dominated by woodlands and grasslands in central area are rich in biodiversity, and so ecological vulnerability was relatively low. Overall, the comprehensive index of ecological vulnerability showed an initial increasing trend, followed by a decrease. (3) Drivers of ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang, agricultural dependence, population density, and land reclamation rate of anthropogenic factors and habitat quality index, landscape fragmentation, landscape resilience index, and annual average precipitation of natural environmental factors are mainly single factors. The interaction of these factors, including habitat quality index, landscape resilience index, landscape fragmentation index, vegetation coverage, and regional human activities are the main driving forces.