随着全球变暖，中国西北地区出现了暖湿化现象。祁连山地处西北干旱区，东西跨越干旱、半干旱和极干旱气候区，气候也发生了明显变化，对区域生态及水文过程产生了显著的影响。本文基于1961—2022年祁连山以及周边地区常规气象站及雨量站观测的气温降水资料，分析了祁连山气温降水的时空变化特征以及降水与海拔的关系。结果表明：祁连山气温和降水在60 a来呈显著增加趋势，气温年际变化在祁连山中段最大，降水年际变化在祁连山东段最大，在西段最小，山区降水年际变率最大出现在8月。祁连山地区气温增加倾向率约0.36 ℃·(10a)^-1，高于全国水平0.21 ℃·(10a)^-1，冬季升温速率最大为0.45 ℃·(10a)^-1，西段区域升温速率最大为0.5 ℃·(10a)^-1；中段区域降水增加速率最大为11.86 mm·(10a)^-1。祁连山以及周边地区降水增加速率随海拔高度增加。山区降水存在两个峰值，夏季降水量极大值出现在海拔2600~2800 m的高度带，海拔3600~3800 m出现第二个峰值。不同山系降水量随海拔变化大多呈单峰型分布；其中达坂山迎风坡降水量最大，青海南山降水量最小。祁连山地区的气候总体上呈现出暖湿化倾向。年平均最低温度的增加快于最高温度的增加趋势，最低温度在祁连山西段增加最为明显，最低气温的快速上升会对祁连山冰川、生态系统产生影响。

Global warming has resulted in the phenomenon of warming and wetting in northwest China. The Qilian Mountains is located in the arid region of northwest China, which spans the arid, semi-arid, and extremely arid climate zones from east to west. The climate has also obviously changed, which exerts a significant effect on the regional ecology and hydrological process. Based on the data of air temperature and precipitation in the Qilian Mountains and its surrounding areas from 1961 to 2022, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of air temperature and precipitation in the Qilian Mountains and the relationship between precipitation and changes in precipitation with altitude. Results demonstrated a significant increase in temperature and precipitation in the Qilian Mountains in the past 60 years. The variation in temperature was the largest in the middle part of the Qilian Mountains, and the variation in precipitation was the largest in the east part of the Qilian Mountains, whereas the variation in precipitation was the smallest in the western part. The interannual variation in precipitation was the largest in August. The tendency rate of temperature increase in the Qilian Mountain area was approximately 0.36 ℃·(10a)^-1, which was higher than the national level of 0.21 ℃·(10a)^-1. The maximum temperature increase rate was observed in winter [0.45 ℃·(10a)^-1], particularly in the western region where it was 0.5 ℃·(10a)^-1. The maximum increase rate of precipitation was found in the middle region [11.86 mm·(10a)^-1]. Precipitation in the Qilian Mountains and surrounding areas increased with altitude, showing two peaks. One peak was located at an altitude of 2600-2800 m, and the other was located at an altitude of 3600-3800 m. However, the relationship between precipitation and altitude was generally unimodal for each mountain. Among the mountains, the windward slope of Daban Mountain had the largest precipitation, and Qinghai Nanshan Mountain had the smallest precipitation. The climate in the Qilian Mountains exhibited warming and humidification. The annual mean minimum temperature increased faster than the maximum temperature, and the minimum temperature increased most obviously in the western part of the Qilian Mountains. The rapid increase in the minimum temperature will exert an impact on the glaciers and ecosystems of the Qilian Mountains.