三江源区不同覆被类型高寒草甸土壤水分变化特征
收稿日期: 2024-01-17
修回日期: 2024-04-03
网络出版日期: 2024-08-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(42101099);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0603)
Soil moisture variation characteristics of alpine meadow with different cover types in the Three-River Source Region
Received date: 2024-01-17
Revised date: 2024-04-03
Online published: 2024-08-22
土壤水分是植物生长与繁殖的物质基础，明确其动态特征对当地水资源管理和植被恢复具有重要意义。本文以三江源区高寒草甸为研究对象，结合野外调查与室内实验，分析不同覆被类型下高寒草甸土壤水分年、季、日动态特征，探讨植被及土壤因素对土壤水分变化的影响。结果表明：（1） 2022年降雨偏少、气温偏高，各样地土壤液态水含量下降了1%~18%；夏秋季土壤未冻水含量高于冬春季，各样地各土层中月平均含水量最高为10月（0.495 m3·m-3），最低为1月（0.038 m3·m-3）；3月和12月土壤液态水含量日变幅较大，变化范围分别为0.11~0.20 m3·m-3和0.07~0.16 m3·m-3；（2） 轻中度退化高寒草甸（YG4）和原生高寒草甸（YG5）植被覆盖度较高、容重较低，土壤含水量较高且变化幅度小；（3） 人工草地耗水量大且物种单一、土壤肥力较低，不利于土壤保水。研究结果可为三江源区高寒草甸生态系统的恢复与治理提供参考。
万佳怡 , 矢佳昱 , 张华敏 , 李兰晖 , 丁明军 . 三江源区不同覆被类型高寒草甸土壤水分变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024 , 41(8) : 1343 -1353 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.08
Soil moisture is the material foundation for plant growth and reproduction; therefore, understanding its dynamic properties is critical for local water management and vegetation restoration. The study area of this research was the alpine meadows in the Three-River Source Region, and the study combined field surveys and laboratory experiments to analyze the annual, seasonal, and daily dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in alpine meadows under different cover types and explore the influence of vegetation and soil factors on soil moisture changes. The findings revealed that: (1) In 2022, when there was less rainfall and temperatures were higher, the soil liquid water content in different areas decreased by 1% to 18% compared with previous years; the soil unfrozen water content was higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring; and the highest monthly average water content of various sites occurred in October (0.495 m3·m-3) and the lowest value was in January (0.038 m3·m-3); the daily variations in the soil liquid water content in March and December were larger, ranging from 0.11 to 0.20 m3·m-3 and 0.07 to 0.16 m3·m-3, respectively. (2) Mildly and highly degraded alpine meadows (YG4) and native alpine meadows (YG5) have greater vegetation cover and lower bulk density, resulting in greater soil water content and less variance. (3) Artificial grassland did not promote soil water retention owing to its high water consumption, single species, and low soil fertility. The results of the study can provide a reference for the restoration and management of alpine meadow ecosystem in the Three-River Source Region.
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