可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区是全球候鸟迁徙网络中亚迁飞通道上鸟类在柴达木盆地荒漠区唯一的大型补给站和停歇地，是以迁徙鸟类为主要保护对象的自然保护区。2019—2021年综合采用多种调查方法对保护区鸟类种类和个体数进行监测记录。结果表明：区域共记录鸟类18目43科138种，其中国家一级保护动物10种，国家二级保护动物24种，夏候鸟和旅鸟是鸟类群落的重要组成部分，占比分别为40.58%和29.71%。与2019年相比，2021年保护区鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数均呈增加趋势，物种数增加37种，个体数由7045只增加至24552只，其中黑颈鹤（Grus nigricollis）和赤嘴潜鸭（Netta rufina）的个体数达到全球种群数量1%标准，该保护区对于这两种水鸟而言具有国际重要意义。水鸟种类的增加，赤嘴潜鸭（Netta rufina）、普通秋沙鸭（Mergus merganser）等7种鸟类居留型的改变可能与区域气候变化有关。该研究结果为该保护区申请国际重要湿地、开展深入的生物多样性监测提供契机。

The Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve is a key wetland that represents the only large-scale stopover site and an important habitat for migratory birds in the desert area of the Qaidam Basin, China. These birds migrate along the Central Asian-Indian migration route, which is part of the global migratory bird network. Most birds in the reserve are migratory birds. In this study, their diversity was investigated using a sample line survey and fixed points. A total of 18 families, 43 genera, and 138 species of birds were recorded, with 10 and 24 of the latter being listed as class I and class II wild species, respectively, which are protected nationwide in China. From 2019 to 2021, the number of bird species increased by 37%, with summer visitors and traveling birds increasing by 23.53% and 88.24%, respectively, which corresponded to their numbers increasing by 2.03 and 7.95 times. Summer visitors and traveling birds are important members of the bird community. The values of the Shannon-Wiener index of richness and the Pielou index of evenness for the bird community increased from 2.45 and 0.46 in 2019 to 3.64 and 0.63 in 2021, respectively. Bird diversity was shown to be high in the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve, with the populations of black-necked cranes and red-crested pochards reaching the 1% population standard established for Ramsar sites. Therefore, an application for the designation of the reserve as a Ramsar site needs to be made as soon as possible. Some individuals belonging to seven bird species, including red-crested pochard and common merganser among others, survived through winter in the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve. Long-term bird diversity studies should be conducted in this area.