干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2023 , Vol. 40 >Issue 12: 1907 - 1917

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.04

水土资源

陕西黄土区农田土壤主要养分特征及影响因素

  • 贺军奇 ,
  • 拜寒伟 ,
  • 徐轶玮 ,
  • 倪莉莉
展开
  • 1.长安大学水利与环境学院，陕西 西安 710054
    2.长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室，陕西 西安 710054
    3.长安大学水利部旱区生态水文与水安全重点实验室，陕西 西安 710054
    4.陕西省科技交流中心，陕西 西安 710054
    5.陕西省耕地质量与环境保护工作站，陕西 西安 710003
贺军奇（1978-)，男，副教授，主要从事干旱区农田水利研究. E-mail: hejunqi@chd.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2023-06-06

  修回日期: 2023-09-11

  网络出版日期: 2023-12-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41901034);国家自然科学基金项目(42001033);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2022HZ1859)

收起

Main nutrient characteristics and influencing factors of farmland soil in the Loess Plateau of the Shaanxi Province

  • Junqi HE ,
  • Hanwei BAI ,
  • Yiwei XU ,
  • Lili NI
Expand
  • 1. School of Water and Environmental, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Water Security in Arid Areas, Ministry of Water Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    4. Shaanxi Science and Technology Exchange Center, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    5. Shaanxi Province Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Workstation, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi, China

Received date: 2023-06-06

  Revised date: 2023-09-11

  Online published: 2023-12-18

Fold

摘要

为了探究陕西黄土区农田主要土壤养分特征及其影响因素，基于研究区5096个农田0~20 cm耕层采样点数据，利用GIS与地统计学方法对有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、有效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）含量进行空间分析，并应用地理探测器模型探究18种影响因素对养分空间变异的解释程度。结果表明：SOM、TN、AP和AK含量均值分别为14.43 g·kg-1、0.92 g·kg-1、18.21 mg·kg-1和190.28 mg·kg-1，呈现中等程度变异；4种养分最佳拟合模型均为指数模型，各养分呈现中等程度空间相关性，结构性与随机性因素的共同作用导致了养分含量的空间差异；养分全局空间相关性大小表现为：TN>SOM>AK>AP；养分含量区域差异明显，呈现由北向南逐渐递增的趋势；年日照时长、年均气温、化肥用量和地貌类型等单因子作用对各养分含量空间变异具有更强的解释力，两因子交互作用对养分的解释力强于其单因子解释力。研究表明，陕北地区宜适当增加肥料投入，关中地区宜进行精耕细作，农田建设应考虑多方面因素。

关键词： 土壤主要养分; 空间变异; 影响因素; 地理探测器模型; 陕西黄土区

本文引用格式

贺军奇 , 拜寒伟 , 徐轶玮 , 倪莉莉 . 陕西黄土区农田土壤主要养分特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023 , 40(12) : 1907 -1917 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.04

Abstract

To explore the main soil nutrient characteristics and influencing factors of farmland in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi, spatial analysis was conducted on the content of SOM, TN, AP, and AK using GIS and geostatistics methods based on the data from 5096 farmland sampling points with a depth of 0-20 cm in the study area. A geographic detector model was used to explore the degree to which 18 influencing factors explained the spatial variation of nutrients. The results showed that the average contents of SOM, TN, AP, and AK were 14.43 g·kg?1, 0.92 g·kg?1, 18.21 mg·kg?1, and 190.28 mg·kg?1, respectively, showing moderate variation. The four best-fit models for nutrients were all exponential models, with moderate spatial correlation among each nutrient. The combined effect of structural and random factors causes spatial differences in the nutrient content. The global spatial correlation of nutrients is TN > SOM > AK > AP. The regional differences in nutrient content are significant, indicating a gradually increasing trend from north to south. The single-factor effects of annual sunshine duration, annual average temperature, fertilizer use, and geomorphic type have stronger explanatory power for spatial variation in nutrient content but lesser than that of the interaction between the two factors. Research has shown that it is necessary to increase fertilizer input in the northern Shaanxi region, perform intensive cultivation in the Guanzhong region, and consider multiple factors in farmland construction.

Key words： main nutrients in soil; spatial variation; influencing factors; geological detector model; the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province

参考文献

[1] 贾鲁净, 杨联安, 封涌涛, 等. 宝鸡市农耕区土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2022, 36(12): 135-143.
[1] [Jia Lujing, Yang Lian’an, Feng Yongtao, et al. Spatial variation of soil nutrients and its influencing factors in Baoji City[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022, 36(12): 135-143. ]
[2] Cai A D, Xu M G, Wang B, et al. Manure acts as a better fertilizer for increasing crop yields than synthetic fertilizer does by improving soil fertility[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2019, 189: 168-175.
[3] 杨静涵, 刘梦云, 张杰, 等. 黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤养分空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 743-754.
[3] [Yang Jinghan, Liu Mengyun, Zhang Jie, et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients and its affecting factors at small watershed in gully region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(3): 743-754. ]
[4] Sun G J, Liu H J, Cui D, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Yili River Valley[J]. Peerj, 2022, 10: e13311.
[5] 张婵婵, 张瑞芳, 张建恒, 等. 高阳县农田土壤速效养分空间变异特征研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(6): 758-764.
[5] [Zhang Chanchan, Zhang Ruifang, Zhang Jianheng, et al. Spatial variability of available nutrients contents in cropland soils in Gaoyang County of Hebei Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(6): 758-764. ]
[6] Liu W J, Su Y Z, Yang Q, et al. Temporal and spatial variability of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in a typical oasis cropland ecosystem in arid region of Northwest China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64(8): 2247-2257.
[7] Ji C H, Liu H L, Cha Z G, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of N, P, and K stoichiometry in cropland of Hainan Island[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12(1): 39.
[8] 余慧敏, 朱青, 傅聪颖, 等. 江西鄱阳湖平原区农田土壤微量元素空间分异特征及其影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(1): 172-184.
[8] [Yu Huimin, Zhu Qing, Fu Congying, et al. Spatial variability characteristics and impacting factors of soil trace elements in Poyang Lake plain, Jiangxi of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(1): 172-184. ]
[9] 夏凡, 王永东, 郑子成, 等. 小尺度下茶园土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(6): 1047-1054.
[9] [Xia Fan, Wang Yongdong, Zheng Zicheng, et al. Spatial variability of soil microelements in a small scale tea garden and the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2022, 28(6): 1047-1054. ]
[10] 王婕, 牛文全, 张文倩, 等. 农田表层土壤养分空间变异特性研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(15): 37-46.
[10] [Wang Jie, Niu Wenquan, Zhang Wenqian, et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients in topsoil of cultivated land[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(15): 37-46. ]
[11] 范声浓, 李华东, 王烁衡, 等. 基于IDW和因子分析的海南省火龙果园土壤养分空间分布预测[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(3): 602-611.
[11] [Fan Shengnong, Li Huadong, Wang Shuoheng, et al. Prediction of spatial distribution of soil nutrients in pitaya orchards in Hainan provinve based on IDW and factor analysis[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 36(3): 602-611. ]
[12] 解文艳, 周怀平, 杨振兴, 等. 黄土高原东部潇河流域农田土壤有机质时空变异及影响因素[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2019, 36(1): 96-104.
[12] [Xie Wenyan, Zhou Huaiping, Yang Zhenxing, et al. The spatial-temporal variation of soil organic matter and its influencing factors in Xiaohe River Basin in eastern Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2019, 36(1): 96-104. ]
[13] 赵越, 罗志军, 廖牧鑫, 等. 泰和县耕地土壤养分空间分布及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(5): 296-303.
[13] [Zhao Yue, Luo Zhijun, Liao Muxin, et al. Study on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and influencing factors in the cultivated land of Taihe county[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(5): 296-303. ]
[14] 胡贵贵, 杨联安, 封涌涛, 等. 基于地理探测器的宝鸡市农田土壤养分影响因子分析[J]. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(1): 71-78.
[14] [Hu Guigui, Yang Lian’an, Feng Yongtao, et al. Influencing factors of soil nutrients in farmland of Baoji based on geographical detector[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 51(1): 71-78. ]
[15] 王琦, 常庆瑞, 黄勇, 等. 基于Geo-D的陕西省STN空间变异因子交互影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(11): 161-169.
[15] [Wang Qi, Chang Qingrui, Huang Yong, et al. Driving factors and interaction of STN spatial variation in Shaanxi Province based on Geo-D[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2021, 52(11): 161-169. ]
[16] Deng X J, Xu X L, Wang S H. The tempo-spatial changes of soil fertility in farmland of China from the 1980s to the 2010s[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2023, 146: 109913.
[17] 王学寅, 黄益灵, 全斌斌, 等. 浙江省瑞安市耕作层土壤养分元素有效态含量空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(3): 963-971.
[17] [Wang Xueyin, Huang Yiling, Quan Binbin, et al. Spatial variability characteristics and influencing factors of available contents of nutritive elements in tillage layer soil of Ruian, Zhejiang Province[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(3): 963-971. ]
[18] 赵晴月, 许世杰, 张务帅, 等. 中国玉米主产区土壤养分的空间变异及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(15): 3120-3133.
[18] [Zhao Qingyue, Xu Shijie, Zhang Wushuai, et al. Spatial regional variability and influential factors of soil fertilities in the major regions of maize production of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(15): 3120-3133. ]
[19] 高浩然, 周勇, 王丽, 等. 基于Geodetector模型的鄂北岗地土壤有机质空间格局及影响因素分析——以枣阳市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022, 31(1): 166-178.
[19] [Gao Haoran, Zhou Yong, Wang Li, et al. Spatial pattern andinfluencing factors of soil organic matter based on Geodetector model: Taking Zaoyang City as an example[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022, 31(1): 166-178. ]
[20] 王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器:原理与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1): 116-134.
[20] [Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 116-134. ]
[21] 尉芳, 刘京, 夏利恒, 等. 陕西渭北旱塬区农田土壤有机质空间预测方法[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(2): 1097-1107.
[21] [Wei Fang, Liu Jing, Xia Liheng, et al. Environmental Science[J]. Spatial prediction method of farmland soil organic matter in Weibei Dryland of Shaanxi Province, 2022, 43(2): 1097-1107. ]
[22] 雷琪, 蒋洪丽, 吴淑芳, 等. 西北地区有机质空间分布及其影响因素研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(3): 274-279, 293.
[22] [Lei Qi, Jiang Hongli, Wu Shufang, et al. Spatial distribution of organic matter and its influencing factors in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(3): 274-279, 293. ]
[23] 陈桂香, 高灯州, 曾从盛, 等. 福州市农田土壤养分空间变异特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(2): 216-224.
[23] [Chen Guixiang, Gao Dengzhou, Zeng Congsheng, et al. Characteristics of the spatial variation of soil nutrients in farmland of Fuzhou City[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(2): 216-224. ]
[24] 郑然, 郑宝林. 冀北栗钙土区耕层土壤有机质和全氮的空间变异特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(5): 123-129.
[24] [Zheng Ran, Zheng Baolin. Spatial variation of organic matter and total nitrogen in cultivated soil in northern Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018, 32(5): 123-129. ]
[25] 童童, 梅帅, 刘莹, 等. 基于GIS的环巢湖地区土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2023, 42(7): 1522-1531.
[25] [Tong Tong, Mei Shuai, Liu Ying, et al. Study on the spatial variation of soil nutrients in Chaohu Lake based on GIS[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2023, 42(7): 1522-1531. ]
[26] 王强, 郑梦蕾, 叶治山, 等. 基于Moran’s I的菜地土壤属性空间分布格局分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(10): 2297-2306.
[26] [Wang Qiang, Zheng Menglei, Ye Zhishan, et al. Analysis of spatial distribution pattern of vegetable soil properties based on Moran’s I[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(10): 2297-2306. ]
[27] 顾思博, 周金龙, 曾妍妍, 等. 新疆民丰县农田土壤微量营养元素含量及分布[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 142-149.
[27] [Gu Sibo, Zhou Jinlong, Zeng Yanyan, et al. Content and distribution of trace elements in farmland soil in Minfeng County, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 142-149. ]
[28] 姜霓雯, 童根平, 叶正钱, 等. 浙江清凉峰自然保护区土壤肥力指标空间变异及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(6): 2430-2441.
[28] [Jiang Niwen, Tong Genping, Ye Zhengqian, et al. Spatial variation of soil properties and its affecting factors of Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, Zhejiang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(6): 2430-2441. ]
[29] 赵倩倩, 赵庚星, 董超, 等. 高密市农田土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2012, 43(3): 643-650.
[29] [Zhao Qianqian, Zhao Gengxing, Dong Chao, et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients of cultivated land in Gaomi Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 43(3): 643-650. ]
[30] 姚瑶, 罗朋, 李京玲, 等. 运城市夹马口引黄灌区土壤养分空间变异特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2023, 37(2): 134-141.
[30] [Yao Yao, Luo Peng, Li Jingling, et al. Spatial variation of soil nutrients in the Jiamakou Yellow River irrigation area, Yuncheng City[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2023, 37(2): 134-141. ]
[31] 严玉梅, 李水利, 李茹, 等. 陕西省耕地土壤养分现状与分布特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2019, 50(6): 1298-1305.
[31] [Yan Yumei, Li Shuili, Li Ru, et al. Current situation and distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in cultivated land of Shaanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2019, 50(6): 1298-1305. ]
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉