砷（As）、氟（F）污染水体及其共存问题是环境领域的热点问题，长期暴露其中对公众的身体健康存在巨大威胁。以新疆玛纳斯河流域为研究区，分析高As、高F地下水的水化学及空间分布特征，结合地质条件、赋存环境和人类活动的影响进一步阐明地下水As和F的来源、迁移与富集的水文地球化学过程。结果表明：研究区地下水整体为弱碱性、还原环境的淡水，地下水As、F质量浓度变化范围分别为1.13~41.35 μg·L^-1、0.06~8.02 mg·L^-1，高As、高F地下水水样占总水样的62.9%、45.7%，砷氟共富集占总水样的37.1%。砷氟共富集地下水主要分布在平原区北部靠近沙漠边缘，水化学类型主要为HCO₃·Cl型和HCO₃·SO₄·Cl型。研究区南部山区高As、高F岩层是地下水As、F的原生来源，区域地质构造与水文地质条件是影响地下水砷氟富集的重要因素。玛纳斯河流域高As地下水具有高pH值、低γSO₄^2-/γCl^-比、低Eh等特征，说明弱碱性的还原环境有利于地下水中As富集；高F地下水具有高pH值、高HCO₃^-、高Na⁺和低Ca²⁺等特征，说明高Na⁺和低Ca²⁺的碱性环境有利于地下水中F富集。

Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) pollution in water bodies, along with their coexistence, are critical environmental concerns, with long-term exposure posing a significant threat to public health. This study focuses on the Manas River Basin as the research area, analyzing the hydrochemical, and spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater with high As and F content. Furthermore, the study aims to elucidate the hydrogeochemical processes related to the origin, migration, and enrichment of As, and F in groundwater, considering geological conditions, occurrence environments, and the influence of human activities. The results show that the groundwater in the study area exhibits an alkaline-reducing environment. The mass concentrations of As and F in groundwater range from 1.13 to 41.35 μg·L^-1 and from 0.06 to 8.02 mg·L^-1, respectively. Groundwater samples with high As and F content constituted 62.9% and 45.7% of the total samples, respectively, while samples with a coenrichment of As and F accounted for 37.1% of the total samples. As-F coenriched groundwater is mainly distributed in the northern plain region, near the edge of the desert, with the dominant hydrochemical types being HCO₃·Cl and HCO₃·SO₄·Cl. The primary sources of As and F in groundwater are high-content rock strata found in the southern mountainous area of the Manas River Basin. The high pH value, low SO₄^2-/Cl^- molar ratio, and low Eh of the high-As-content groundwater in the Manas River Basin indicate that a weak alkaline-reducing environment facilitates As enrichment in groundwater. Conversely, groundwater with high F content is characterized by high pH, HCO₃^-, and Na⁺ levels, as well as low Ca²⁺, indicating that an alkaline environment with high Na⁺ and low Ca²⁺ content favors F enrichment in groundwater.