盐碱地食叶草细根对干旱复水后的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐生植物灌溉周期合理制定是对提高干旱区水资源利用效率的关键因素。以食叶草（Rumex hanus by.）细根（d≤1 mm）为研究对象,采用干旱-复水方法,测定复水后不同时间食叶草细根总根长、根尖数、平均根直径,研究根系增长率、死亡量、根寿命和周转率的变化特征,为制定最佳灌溉周期提供参考依据。结果表明：根长和根尖数在复水后7 d增长幅度最大,10~15 d增长幅度减弱。细根增长率（RER）在复水后第4 d达到最大,第10 d出现显著下降（P<0.05）,在不同土层（0~20 cm和20~40 cm）和根系直径（0~0.5 mm和0.5~1.0 mm）之间均有极显著差异（P<0.001）。细根净生产量（NRP）与RER二者均呈现先增长后降低的规律。复水后15 d,0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层的细根存活率分别为3.6%和16.9%,0.5~1.0 mm直径的细根存活率高于0~0.5 mm细根。研究表明复水后细根中位寿命在8.09~13.83 d,20~40 cm土层细根寿命显著高于0~20 cm土层（P<0.05）。食叶草细根通过增加20~40 cm土层中0.5~1.0 mm细根应对和适应干旱及复水,从而达到生存目的。综合考虑食叶草生长和农业水资源供给情况,在夏季盐碱地食叶草最佳灌溉周期为10 d。

关键词: 盐碱土, 细根, 日增长率, 死亡量, 周转率, 中位寿命

Abstract:

The rational formulation of irrigation cycle of halophytes is the key factor to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in arid areas. Taking the fine root (d≤1 mm) of leafy grass (Rumex hanus by.) as the research object, the total root length, root tip number and average root diameter at different times after re-watering were measured by drought and re-watering method, and the changing characteristics of root growth rate, mortality, root life span and turnover rate were studied, so as to provide reference basis for the establishment of the best irrigation cycle. The results showed that the root length and the number of root tips increased the most at 7 days after re-watering, and decreased at 10 to 15 days after re-watering. The fine root growth rate (RER) reached the maximum on the 4th day after re-watering, and decreased significantly on the 10th day (P<0.001). There were significant differences among different soil layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) and root diameter (0-0.5 mm and 0.5-1.0 mm) (P<0.001). Both fine root net production (NRP) and RER increased at first and then decreased. 15 days after re-watering, the fine root survival rate of fine root in the 20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer was 3.6% and 16.9% respectively. The fine root survival rate of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter fine root was higher than that of 0-0.5 mm fine root. The results showed that after re-watering, the life span of fine roots in the soil layer of 20 cm was significantly higher than that in the 0-20 cm soil layer at 8.09~13.83 days (P<0.05). The fine root of leafy grass can achieve the purpose of survival by increasing the fine root of 0.5-1.0 mm in 20-40 cm soil layer to cope with and adapt to drought and re-watering. Considering the growth of leaf-eating grass and the supply of agricultural water resources, the best irrigation period of leaf-eating grass in saline-alkali land in summer is 10 days.

Key words: saline soil, fine root, daily growth rate, mortality, turnover rate, median life

郑旭,杨志鑫,郝东梅,王润润,李鲁华,张凤华,王家平. 盐碱地食叶草细根对干旱复水后的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 240-249.

ZHENG Xu,YANG Zhixin,HAO Dongmei,WANG Runrun,Li Luhua,ZHANG Fenghua,WANG Jiaping. Response of Rumex hanus by. roots to drought after rehydration[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 240-249.

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复水天数/d	根长/cm			根尖数/个			平均根直径/mm
复水天数/d	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~40 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~40 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~40 cm
0	473.3±62.6b	624.6±46.8a	1097.9±86.3	162.3±32.2a	144.8±33.8a	307.1±56.2	0.86±0.22a	0.63±0.32b	0.74±0.24
2	491.0±22.7b	637.2±33.5a	1128.2±27.6	187.3±21.6a	152.6±23.9b	339.9±18.6	0.82±0.04a	0.59±0.21b	0.71±0.16
4	512.6±37.6b	672.6±27.3a	1185.2±26.3	212.6±18.6a	172.6±16.6b	384.6±15.3	0.72±0.16a	0.54±0.18b	0.63±0.14
7	573.8±46.3b	733.6±43.6a	1307.4±44.2	243.6±26.3a	193.3±22.3b	436.9±27.3	0.53±0.22a	0.46±0.12a	0.50±0.23
10	637.4±24.6b	764.6±30.8a	1402.0±26.8	267.4±17.6a	208.3±18.6b	475.7±24.6	0.58±0.17a	0.62±0.07a	0.60±0.08
15	660.4±33.6b	788.3±27.6a	1448.7±30.6	281.6±22.6a	216.3±24.6b	497.9±20.8	0.66±0.22a	0.64±0.09a	0.65±0.18

	RER		CNRP		CDLL
	F	P	F	P	F	P
直径	79.28	<0.001^***	133.09	<0.001^***	38.31	<0.001^***
土层深度	7.967	0.005^**	36.37	<0.001^***	19.44	<0.001^***
直径×土层深度	0.543	0.461	4.41	0.036^**	0.34	0.559

土壤深度/cm	CLLP/(cm·m^-2)	CDLL/(cm·m^-2)	总根长的占比/%	根死亡率/%	RER/(cm·d^-1)	总根数/个
0~20	112.3a	62.4a	62.7a	58.2a	0.31±0.22a	99a
20~40	106.8a	24.4b	37.3b	22.8b	0.27±0.32b	56b

	直径/mm		土层/cm
	0~0.5	0.5~1.0	0~20	20~40
中位寿命/d	9.90±0.27b	11.35±0.28a	11.41±0.35b	13.83±0.33a
周转	1.52	1.32	1.31	1.08
根尖数/个	97	58	99	56