内蒙古西部高频沙尘活动空间分布及其成因

干旱区研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 657-663.

内蒙古西部高频沙尘活动空间分布及其成因

李宽^1,2,3，熊鑫^1,2，王海兵^1,2，李钢铁^1,2

1. 内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011； 2. 内蒙古风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011；3. 内蒙古自治区土地调查规划院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011

收稿日期:2019-01-29 修回日期:2019-03-04 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
通讯作者: 李钢铁
作者简介:李宽（1981-），男，博士研究生，主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治方面的研究. E-mail: nmlikuan@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41861001）；内蒙古农业大学人才项目（NDYB2017-3）资助

Spatial Distribution and Formation Causes of Frequent Dust Weather in West Inner Mongolia

LI Kuan^{1, 2, 3}, XIONG Xin^{1, 2}, WANG Hai-bin^{1, 2}, LI Gang-tie^{1, 2}

1. College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China; 2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Aeolian Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China; 3. Inner Mongolia Institute of Land Surveying and Planning,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China

Received:2019-01-29 Revised:2019-03-04 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 内蒙古西部是东亚及全球重要沙尘源, 为揭示2000年以来该区沙尘活动空间分布特征及其成因，对区域地貌类型，地表沉积物组分，沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘日数，以及大风日数等数据进行统计分析。结果表明：富粉沙、黏土组分的干盐湖与分布众多盐湖的边缘沙漠及沙地为高频沙尘活动区，如额济纳、拐子湖、腾格里沙漠南缘、毛乌素沙地西北边缘等区域；粉沙、黏土组分含量高, 而地表水分含量或植被盖度较高的地表，沙尘活动的频次较低，如河套灌区及鄂尔多斯高原东南边缘高盖度植被分布区; 地表粉尘含量较高, 且有一定盖度植被覆盖的地表，在较强风力作用下，沙尘事件也频发，如白云鄂博、乌拉特后旗等区域。综上所述，受区域大地貌背景的影响，地表沉积物机械组分、水分、植被以及风力等自然因素的空间差异，导致该区域沙尘活动发生频次具有显著的空间变异性。

关键词: 沙尘活动, 地貌类型, 地表组分, 大风日数, 内蒙古西部

Abstract: West Inner Mongolia is an important aeolian dust source in East Asia and even in the world. The data including regional geomorphic types, surface sediment composition, and days of sandstorm, dust weather and strong wind in recent 20 years were analyzed to characterize the spatial distribution and reveal the formation causes of dust weather in this region. The results showed that the exposed dried salt lakes rich in silt, sand and clay, deserts and sandy land, such as the Ejina, Guaizi Lake, southern marginal zone of the Tengger Desert and the northwest marginal zone of the Mu Us Sandland, were the sources of occurring dust weather. However, the occurring frequency of dust weather was relatively low in the areas where the silt, clay and moisture contents in topsoil as well as the vegetation coverage were high. Nevertheless, dust weather occurred frequently in the areas with high dust content in topsoil and moderate vegetation coverage. In summary, there was a spatial difference in occurring frequency of dust weather due to the variations of geomorphologic background and other natural factors, such as the surface sediment composition, soil moisture content, vegetation coverage and wind force.

Key words: dust weather, landform, surface sediment composition, gale, west Inner Mongolia

李宽, 熊鑫, 王海兵, 李钢铁.

内蒙古西部高频沙尘活动空间分布及其成因 [J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 657-663.

LI Kuan, XIONG Xin, WANG Hai-bin, LI Gang-tie. Spatial Distribution and Formation Causes of Frequent Dust Weather in West Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 657-663.

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