2017年与2014年西安极端高温天气及其环流特征对比分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 借助观测资料与FNL全球分析资料，对比研究2017年与2014年西安高温天气基本特征与有利环流形势，结果表明：① 2 a西安均发生了40 ℃以上的长时间持续高温天气，其中2014年属于常规高温年份，而2017年西安高温则提前1个月发生，高温的提前发生主要是因为南亚高压强于正常年份同期强度；② 不同于我国南方地区的闷湿高温，西安高温属于干性高温，且昼夜温差较小，由此造成24 h对人体的不适；③ 详细描述了西安高温发生的典型环流特征，即南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）同时增强，并在对流层中高层相互贯通；④ 南亚高压是影响我国西北地区的主要热源基地，在较大经向度的有利环流背景下，强风速可将热气团向南向东深度输送至下游地区（即西安）；⑤ 在“上辐合、下辐散”的散度场配置下，西安500 hPa以下高空维持明显的下沉气流，加之有利的局部要素相配合，最终造成该地区高温天气的发生。

关键词: 极端高温, 环流特征, 南亚高压, 西太平洋副热带高压, 西安

Abstract: A comparative study on the basic features and causes of high temperature in Xi’an during the period from 2017 to 2014 was carried out based on the observed and analyzed data from the meteorological stations and the National Center for Environmental Prediction. The main results were as follows: ① High temperature occurred with a conventional modal in Xi’an in 2014. However, high temperature occurred one month in advance (unconventional) in 2017, and this was mainly because that the South Asia High (SH) was stronger than that in the same period in conventional years; ② It was dry high temperature in Xi’an and different from the muggy high temperature in south China. Moreover, the diurnal-nocturnal temperature variation was low; ③ The typical circulation features related to the high temperature in Xi’an were described in detail, including mainly the simultaneously enhanced SH and Western Pacific Subtropical High (WH); ④ SH was an important heat source affecting northwest China according to this study. Under the favorable conditions of deeply meridional circulation, heat air was transported southeastward to the downstream region (e.g. Xi’an) by strong wind; ⑤ With the configuration of up-convergence and down-divergence, sinking airflow was clearly found under the 500 hPa level, and other meteorological factors were also favorable for the occurrence of high temperature in Xi’an.

Key words: extremely high temperature, atmospheric circulation, South Asia High (SH), Western Pacific Subtropical High (WH), Xi’an

李博, 陈婷, 王楠, 华灯鑫, 王乾. 2017年与2014年西安极端高温天气及其环流特征对比分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 645-656.

LI Bo, CHEN Ting, WANG Nan, HUA Deng-xin, WANG Qian. Extremely High Temperature and Circulation Features in Xi'an in 2017 and 2014[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 645-656.

参考文献 30

[1]	董婷，孟令奎，张文.1961—2012年我国干旱演变特征[J].干旱区研究，2018,35(1):96-106.[Dong Ting,Meng Lingkui,Zhang Wen.Evolution of drought in China during the period of 1961-2012[J].Aird Zone Research,2018,35(1):96-106.]
[2]	王亚伟，翟盘茂，田华.近40年南方高温变化特征与2003年的高温事件[J].气象，2006，32(10):27-33.[Wang Yawei,Zhai Panmao,Tian Hua.Extreme high temperatures in Southern China in 2003 under the background of climate change[J].Meteorological Monthly,2006,32(10):27-33.]
[3]	卫捷，孙建华.华北地区夏季高温闷热天气特征的分析[J].气候与环境研究，2007，12(3):453-463.[Wei Jie,Sun Jianhua.The analysis of summer heat wave and sultry weather in North China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2007,12(3):453-463.]
[4]	林昕，管兆勇.中国华东地区夏季高温的时空特征和年际变化[J].南京气象学院学报，2008，31(1):1-9.[Lin Xin,Guan Zhaoyong.Temporal spatial characters and interannual variations of summer high temperature in East China[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2008,31(1):1-9.]
[5]	丁婷，钱维宏.中国热浪前期信号及其模式预报[J].地球物理学报，2012，55(5):1 472-1 486.[Ding Ting,Qian Weihong.Statistical characteristics of heat wave precursors in China and model prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(5):1 472-1 486.]
[6]	王咏梅，张红雨，郭雪.山西省近48 a高温和强降水极端事件变化特征[J].干旱区研究，2012，29(2):289-295.[Wang Yongmei,Zhang Hongyu,Guo Xue.Study on the change of extreme events of high-temperature and heavy-precipitation in Shanxi province in recent 48 years[J].Aird Zone Research,2012,29(2):289-295.]
[7]	李玲萍，李岩瑛，钱莉，等.河西走廊东部高温天气成因分析及预报研究[J].干旱区研究，2010，27(1):142-147.[Li Lingping,Li Yanying,Qian Li,et al.Study on formation mechanism and forecast of high temperature in the Hexi Corridor[J].Aird Zone Research,2010,27(1):142-147.]
[8]	杨莲梅，关学锋，张迎新.亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):249-259.[Yang Lianmei,Guan Xuefeng,Zhang Yingxin.Atmospheric circulation characteristics of precipitation anomaly in arid regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):249-259.]
[9]	辛渝，陈洪武，李元鹏，等.新疆北部高温日数的时空变化特征及多尺度突变分析[J].干旱区研究，2008，25(3):438-446.[Xin Yu,Chen Hongwu,Li Yuanpeng,et al.Analysis on the spatiotemporal change and multi-scale abrupt change of high temperature days in North Xinjinag[J].Aird Zone Research,2008,25(3):438-446.]
[10]	陈磊，王式功，尚可政，等.中国西北地区大范围极端高温事件的大气环流异常特征[J].中国沙漠，2011，31(4):1 052-1 058.[Chen Lei,Wang Shigong,Shang Kezheng,et al.Atmospheric circulation anomalies of large-scale extreme high temperature events in Northwest China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(4):1 052-1 058.]
[11]	陈少勇，王劲松，郭俊庭.中国西北地区1961—2009年极端高温事件的演变特征[J].自然资源学报，2012,27(5):832-844.[Chen Shaoyong,Wang Jinsong,Guo Junting.Evolution characteristics of the extreme high temperature event in Northwest China from 1961 to 2009[J].Journal of Nautral Resources,2012,27(5):832-844.]
[12]	杨宝玲，杨婧，陈彦虎，等.西北地区夏季极端高温异常特征及其成因[J].农业科学研究，2014，35(1):20-28.[Yang Baoling,Yang Jing,Chen Yanhu,et al.The characteristics and causes of extremely high temperature events in summer in Norhthwest China[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,35(1):20-28.]
[13]	杨建玲，冯建民，闫军，等.宁夏高温气候特征及其大气环流异常分析[J].中国沙漠，2012，32(5):1 417-1 425.[Yang Jianling,Feng Jianmin,Yan Jun,et al.Analysis of high temperature climatic characteristics in Ningxia and atmospheric circulation anomaly[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1 417-1 425.]
[14]	赵庆云，赵红岩，王勇.甘肃省夏季异常高温及其环流特征分析[J].中国沙漠，2007，27(4):639-643.[Zhao Qingyun,Zhao Hongyan,Wang Yong.Analyses on extreme high temperature and circulation characteristics in summer of Gansu[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(4):639-643.]
[15]	史军，丁一汇，崔林丽.华东极端高温气候特征及成因分析[J].大气科学，2009，33(2):347-358.[Shi Jun,Ding Yihui,Cui Linli.Climatic characteristics of extreme maximum temperature in East China and its causes[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2009,33(2):347-358.]
[16]	彭京备，刘舸，孙淑清.2013年我国南方持续性高温天气及副热带高压异常维持的成因分析[J].大气科学，2016，40(5):897-906.[Peng Jingbei,Liu Ke,Sun Shuqing.An analysis on the formation of the heat wave in Southern China and its relation to the anomalous Western Pacific subtropical high in the summer of 2013[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2016,40(5):897-906.]
[17]	林建，毕宝贵，何金海.2003年7月西太平洋副热带高压变异及中国南方高温形成机理研究[J].大气科学，2005，29(4):594-599.[Lin Jian,Bi Baogui,He Jinhai.Physical mechanism responsible for Western Pacific subtropical high variation and hot wave in Southern China in July 2003[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2005,29(4):594-599.]
[18]	陶诗言，朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100 毫巴流型的变化及其与西太平洋副热带高压进退的关系[J].气象学报，1964，34(4):385-396.[Tao Shiyan,Zhu Fukang.The 100 mb flow patterns in Southern Asia in summer and its relation to the advance and retreat of the Western Pacific subtropical anticyclone over the far east[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1964,34(4):385-396.]
[19]	黄荣辉，孙凤英.热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响[J].大气科学，1994，18(2):141-151.[Huang Ronghui,Sun Fengying.Impacts of the thermal state and the convective activities in the tropical western warm pool on the summer climate anomalied in East Asia[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1994,18(2):141-151.]
[20]	中华人民共和国气象行业标准.QX/T 1-2000Ⅱ型自动气象站[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2000:1-14.[The National standards of China.The Auto-Meteorological Station of QX/T 1-2000Ⅱ[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2000:1-14.]
[21]	李博，王楠，姜明，等.陕西一类“东高西低型”暴雨的基本特征[J].高原气象，2018，37（4）：981-994.[Li Bo,Wang Nan,Jiang Ming,et al.The features of a type of west-low and easthigh heavy rainfall in Shaanxi Province[J].Plateau Meteorology,2018,37(4):981-994.]
[22]	于芳健，余克勤，李璇，等.朝阳高温天气时空变化特征研究[J].农业灾害研究，2017(7):56-57.[Yu Fangjian,Yu Keqin,Li Xuan,et al.Research on temporal and spatial variation characteristics of high temperature weather in Chaoyang[J].Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology,2017(7):56-57.]
[23]	吴金栋，王石立，张建敏.未来气候变化对中国东北地区水热条件影响的数值模拟研究[J].资源科学，2000，22(6):36-42.[Wu Jindong,Wang Shili,Zhang Jianmin.A numerical simulation of the impacts of climate change on water and thermal resources in Northeast China[J].Resources Science,2000,22(6):36-42.]
[24]	殷显辉，马秀梅.海东市一次高温天气过程预报及服务农牧业思考[J].青海草业，2016，25(2):32-36.[Yin Xianhui,Ma Xiumei.Forecast service thinking of a high temperature weather event in Eastern city of Qinghai[J].Qinghai Prataculture,2016,25(2):32-36.]
[25]	陈敏，耿福海，马雷鸣，等.近138年上海地区高温热浪事件分析[J].高原气象，2013，32(2):597-607.[Chen Min,Geng Fuhai,Ma Leiming,et al.Analyses on the heat wave events in Shanghai in recent 138 years[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(2):597-607.]
[26]	王跃男，何金海，姜爱军.江苏省夏季持续高温集中程度的气候特征研究[J].热带气象学报，2009，25(1):97-102.[Wang Yuenan,He Jinhai,Jiang Aijun.A study on the climatic features of the summer persistence high temperature concentration in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2009,25(1):97-102.]
[27]	史印山，谷永利，林艳.京津冀高温天气的时空分布及环流特征分析[J].气象，2009，35(6):63-69.[Shi Yinshan,Gu Yongli,Lin Yang.Analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution and circulation features of high temperatures in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei[J].Meteorological Monthly,2009,35(6):63-69.]
[28]	唐恬，金荣花，彭相瑜，等.2013年夏季我国南方区域性高温天气的极端性分析[J].气象，2014，40(10):1 207-1 215.[Tang Tian,Jin Ronghua,Peng Xiangyu,et al.Analysis on extremely high temperature over southern China in summer 2013[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(10):1 207-1 215.]
[29]	张旭阳，宁海文，杜继稳，等.西安城市热岛效应对夏季高温的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2010，24(1):95-101.[Zhang Xuyang,Ning Haiwen,Du Jiwen,et al.The impact of urban heat island effect on high temperature in summer in Xi’an[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(1):95-101.]
[30]	李三鸣，张涛，毕开顺，等.非线性曲线拟合确定恒温-变温动力学参数[J].药学学报，1987，22(11):858-863.[Li Sanming,Zhang Tao,Bi Kaishun,et al.Determination of isothermal-nonisothermal kinetic parameters by nonlinear curve fitting[J].Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,1987,22(11):858-863.]