土壤/沉积物；重金属； 元素组成； 分布特征； 工业污染物； ,PCA分析； 塔吉克斯坦," /> 土壤/沉积物；重金属； 元素组成； 分布特征； 工业污染物； ,PCA分析； 塔吉克斯坦,"/> 塔吉克斯坦不同土壤/沉积物元素组成与分布特征
干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 13-19.

• 亚洲中部生态与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔吉克斯坦不同土壤/沉积物元素组成与分布特征

曾海鳌，吴敬禄   

  1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-12 修回日期:2013-06-06 出版日期:2014-01-15 发布日期:2014-02-28
  • 作者简介:曾海鳌（1980-），男，助理研究员，主要从事环境地球化学研究.E-mail: zenghaiao@niglas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家国际科技合作计划 (2010DFA92720) 和中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目（KZCX2-EW-308）联合资助

Composition and Distribution of Elements of Different Soil/Deposits in Tajikistan

ZENG Hai-ao , WU Jing-lu   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, 
    Chinese Academy of Sciences.73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
  • Received:2012-12-12 Revised:2013-06-06 Published:2014-01-15 Online:2014-02-28

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被引次数

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摘要： 塔吉克斯坦是与我国东部接壤的内陆高山国家，其化学元素背景和资源环境问题对我国同气候类型区域的研究具有重要意义。2011年9—10月采集了中亚干旱－半干旱地区塔吉克斯坦不同区域的表层土壤和沉积物，通过对不同土壤/沉积物元素组成与分布特征，探讨了其形成原因和影响因素。结果表明：不同土壤/沉积物的元素含量为：Ca > Al > Fe > Mg > Na > Ti > P > Mn > Sr > Zn > V > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd。主成分分析表明，塔吉克斯坦不同土壤和沉积物的元素分布受自然和人类活动的双重影响，总体所占比例约为60.0%和12.6%。城区和耕地土壤重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn)含量高于人类活动弱的基岩和山区，人口密度相对高的西部地区重金属含量高于东部地区，受工业污染物排放的影响，杜尚别地区河道泥沙中Cd含量明显高于其他区域。塔吉克斯坦地表不同类型土壤人为污染弱，但局部区域不同程度地受到人类活动引起的重金属污染影响，其中，Cu污染相对较重，Pb、Zn较轻，而Cd主要与工业点源污染有关。

关键词: 土壤/沉积物；重金属； 元素组成； 分布特征； 工业污染物； ')">土壤/沉积物；重金属； 元素组成； 分布特征； 工业污染物； , PCA分析； 塔吉克斯坦

Abstract: Tajikistan is a mountainous country in Central Asia and borders by China to the east. The background values of elements and the problems of environment and resources are very important for researching the similar climatic regions in China. In this study, seventeen elements in samples collected from topsoil, lacustrine and fluvial deposits in Tajikistan from September to October 2011 were measured so as to analyze their spatial distribution and further explore the formation causes and affecting factors. The results showed that the mean contents of the elements in all the soils/deposits were in an order of Ca>Al>Fe>Mg>Na>Ti>P>Mn>Sr>Zn>V>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>Co>Cd. Based on principal components analysis, it could be primarily considered that the distribution of elements in different soils/deposits were affected by both natural factors and human activities, and their affecting proportions were 60% and 12.6% respectively. The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils and cultivated land soils were higher than that in basement and mountainous soils impacted slightly by human activities. The contents of heavy metals in soils/deposits in the western area with high population density were higher than that in the eastern sparselypopulated region. The Cd content in fluvial deposits near Dushanbe was much higher than that in other areas. The study results revealed that the topsoils/deposits in Tajikistan were gently affected by human activities at all, in some local regions, however, they were polluted by heavy metals in varying degrees. Moreover, Cu pollution was more serious than Pb and Zn pollution, and the Cd pollution was related to the industrial point source pollution.

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