新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)与社区牧民冲突的调查分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近5 a来,卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼捕食家畜事件频繁发生,给当地社区牧民造成经济损失并带来心理恐慌,狼与牧民冲突日益尖锐。2012年7—8月,采用入户面对面访谈的方法,调查了卡拉麦里山保护区内狼的危害状况以及当地社区牧民与狼之间的冲突。结果表明:① 6个乡的牧民普遍认为在冬牧点或河谷定居点周围有狼,但是其数量有明显的差异;② 在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼捕食家畜的顺序是:绵羊、牛、骆驼、山羊和马,狼对绵羊明显存在捕食偏好。每户被狼捕杀家畜的数量与家庭家畜拥有量呈极显著正相关;③ 狼袭击家畜的时间存在极显著的差异,以夜晚最为频繁,并且多发生在牧民的冬牧场,即在冬季捕食率较高;④ 狼一般远离道路和人类活动频繁的矿点、旅游点,而在靠近冬牧点和水源点的地方捕食家畜;⑤ 60.5%的牧民认为狼对草原生态系统是有害的。

关键词: 狼(Canis lupus), 社区牧民, 家畜, 冲突, 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区, 新疆

Abstract: In recent 5 years, wolves (Canis lupus) preyed on livestock frequently and caused huge economic losses to the local community nomads, and more and more sharp conflicts between wolves and the nomads occurred. In order to investigate the current situation of wolves and the conflicts between wolves and local community nomads in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, the face-to-face interview investigation was used to survey the questions mentioned above from July to August 2012. The results were as follows: (1) The community nomads in 6 townships thought generally that there were wolves around the winter nomad settlements or valley settlements, but the number of wolves was obviously different from different regions; (2) In the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, sheep, cattle, camels, goats and horses were the main livestock species preyed on by wolves, especially sheep, and there was an extremely positive correlation between the number of livestock killed by wolves and the owned livestock number of the families; (3) Wolf predation to livestock occurred mainly in winter pastures at night; (4) Wolves preyed on livestock close to the nomad settlements and water sources far away from the roads, mining areas and tourist spots where human activities were frequent; (5) About 60.5% nomads thought that wolves were harmful to prairie ecosystem.

Key words: Canis lupus, community nomad, livestock, conflict, Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang

刘姝, 初红军, 韩丽丽, 陶永善, 葛炎, 马建伟. 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)与社区牧民冲突的调查分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(4): 681-688.

LIU Shu, CHU Hong-jun, HAN Li-li, TAO Yong-shan, GE Yan, MA Jian-wei. Conflicts between Canis lupus and Community Nomads in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(4): 681-688.

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