不同水肥条件对绿洲农田土壤N2O排放的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.04.23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究土壤干湿变化对绿洲农田土壤氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的影响,可优化绿洲农田灌溉施肥措施、减少绿洲农田土壤N₂O排放。基于室内培养试验,将100 g风干土置于730 mL马氏瓶中,放入25 ℃培养箱内培养,采用称重法严格控制施氮量和土壤含水量,通过注射器连接三通阀抽取瓶内气体,测定不同施氮量和干湿变化下绿洲农田土壤N₂O排放量,结果表明:① 土壤干湿变化显著影响农田土壤N₂O排放,未施氮情况下,干燥处理下土壤N₂O累积排放量是湿润处理下土壤N₂O累积排放量的1.28倍;② 与未施氮处理相比,施氮显著促进了土壤N₂O排放,施肥土壤N₂O排放速率在施氮后0~4 d内出现排放高峰,随后显著降低;③施氮后湿润土壤N₂O排放速率显著高于干燥条件下的土壤N₂O排放速率(P<0.05),湿润土壤N₂O累积排放量为2.07 mg·kg^-1,是干燥条件下土壤N₂O累积排放量的1.16倍。因此,在绿洲农田滴灌施肥期间,适当增加滴灌施肥的时间间隔调控土壤干湿状况,可有效减少绿洲农田土壤N₂O的排放。

关键词: 绿洲农田, 干湿变化, 施氮, N₂O排放

Abstract: The effects of soil drying-wetting alternation on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from oasis farmland were analyzed, which could provide the basis for optimizing irrigation and fertilization and reducing N₂O emission of oasis farmland. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed to determine the effect of soil drying-wetting alternation on its N₂O emission from oasis farmland in arid area. The 100 g dried soil was placed in a 730 mL mason jar, then the mason jar was placed in a 25 ℃ incubator, and the nitrogen content and soil moisture content were strictly controlled through connecting a syringe with a three-way valve to extract gas from the mason jar. The result are as follows: ① Soil drying-wetting alternation influenced significantly the cumulative N₂O emission of oasis farmland soil. Without fertilization, the cumulative N₂O emission of dryly-treated soil was 1.28 times of that of wetly-treated soil; ② Compared with non-nitrogen treatment, fertilization promoted significantly the soil N₂O emission, the highest N₂O emission occurred after nitrogen was applied for 0-4 days, and then the soil N₂O emission was reduced obviously; ③ The N₂O emission rate of the wetted soil was significantly higher than that of the dried soil after nitrogen was applied. The cumulative N₂O emission of wetted soil was 2.07 mg·kg^-1, and it was 1.16 times of that of dried soil. Therefore, the soil N₂O emission from oasis farmland could be reduced by properly prolonging the time interval of drip irrigation and fertilization.

Key words: oasis farmland, soil drying-wetting alternation, nitrogen application, N₂O emission

王勇, 赵成义. 不同水肥条件对绿洲农田土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(4): 938-944.

WANG Yong, ZHAO Cheng-yi. Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Conditions on Soil N₂O Emission from Oasis Farmland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(4): 938-944.

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不同水肥条件对绿洲农田土壤N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Conditions on Soil N₂O Emission from Oasis Farmland

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