蒙古高原积雪消融对气温的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用MODIS积雪产品数据，研究了蒙古高原2003—2022年间积雪融化期的时空变化特征，并以15 d为时间间隔跟踪分析了融雪线向高纬度方向的移动及其对气温的响应过程。结果表明：（1） 2003—2022年积雪占蒙古高原总面积的55.59%~87.61%。其中2018年积雪覆盖面积最少，2009年最多。此外，在时间上20 a来蒙古高原积雪融化时间以0.18 d·(10a)^-1的速率呈显著提前趋势（P<0.05），而稳定积雪区呈推迟趋势。（2）空间上，蒙古高原北部地区的积雪融化时间明显晚于南部地区。而稳定积雪区主要分布于融雪时间普遍较晚的蒙古国西部和内蒙古东北部地区，其中64.9%的区域呈提前趋势。（3）通过对蒙古高原冬季（自1月起）每半月尺度的观测研究发现，融雪线与-5 ℃、0 ℃等温线的移动趋势先后出现同步性。且融雪线位置与温度的相关性除2018年外其整体都处于0.72~0.98的较高区间，这表明温度是影响融雪线位置的关键因素。

关键词: 积雪融化时间, 融雪线, 等温线, 气温响应, 蒙古高原

Abstract:

Using MODIS snow product data, this study investigates the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the snowmelt period over the Mongolian Plateau during the 2003-2022 hydrological years. The movement of the snowmelt line toward higher latitudes and its response to air temperature are tracked and analyzed at 15-day intervals. The results show that: (1) The proportion of snow-covered area to the total area of the Mongolian Plateau during the 2003-2022 hydrological years ranged from 55.59% to 87.61%, with the smallest snow cover in 2018 and the largest in 2009. Additionally, over the past 20 years, the snowmelt start time on the Mongolian Plateau exhibited a significant advancing trend at a rate of 0.18 days per decade (P<0.05), while the stable snow-cover area showed a delaying trend. (2) Spatially, snowmelt occurred significantly later in northern regions of the Mongolian Plateau compared to southern regions. Stable snow-cover areas were primarily concentrated in the western Mongolia and northeastern Inner Mongolia, where snowmelt times were generally later. Approximately 64.9% of these areas showed an advancing trend in snowmelt, while regions with delaying trends were mainly distributed in the northwestern part of the study area. (3) Observational analysis at half-monthly scales from January during the winter season revealed that the movement of the snowmelt line demonstrated successive synchronicity with the -5 ℃ and 0 ℃ isotherms. Correlation coefficients between snowmelt line positions and temperature, except for the year 2018 (with the least snow cover), generally fell within the higher range of 0.72 to 0.98, indicating that temperature is a key factor influencing the position of the snowmelt line.

Key words: snow end day, snow line, isotherm, temperature response, Mongolian Plateau

牛锦, 刘亚红, 包刚, 元志辉, 佟斯琴, 朝布嘎. 蒙古高原积雪消融对气温的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1184-1195.

NIU Jin, LIU Yahong, Bao Gang, YUAN Zhihui, TONG Siqin, Chao buga. Response of snowmelt over the Mongolian Plateau to air temperature[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(7): 1184-1195.

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