荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.04

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 2015-2026.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.04 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20241204

荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及影响因素

李嘉楠¹(), 周成乾², 胡广录²^,³(), 杨鹏华², 李昊辰²

1.甘肃省水土保持科学研究所，甘肃兰州 730020
2.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院，甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-04-02 修回日期:2024-08-26 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-20
通讯作者: 胡广录. E-mail: hgl0814@163.com
作者简介:李嘉楠（1975-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为水土保持生态修复. E-mail: 13919119754@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41561102);国家自然科学基金项目(41867074);甘肃省水利厅水利科学试验研究技术推广项目(甘水建管发[2021]71号)

Characteristics and influencing factors of soil macropores in the root zone of sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone

LI Jianan¹(), ZHOU Chengqian², HU Guanglu²^,³(), YANG Penghua², LI Haochen²

1. Gansu Provincial Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Science, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
2. School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
3. Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2024-04-02 Revised:2024-08-26 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤大孔隙是土壤水分入渗的主要通道，探究荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及其影响要素，对于区域生态植被恢复和固沙植物的选择具有重要借鉴意义。通过水分穿透实验，研究了黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征，分析了土壤大孔隙的影响因素以及大孔隙对土壤饱和导水率的影响。结果表明：（1）土壤大孔隙半径范围在0.5~1.6 mm，大于最小通气孔隙半径0.3 mm，土壤水分运动主要以重力水为驱动力，过渡带固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙呈现出随土层深度增加而减小的趋势，整体表现为小半径孔隙多，大半径孔隙少的特点。（2）土壤容重与除大孔隙总数量外的其他土壤大孔隙特征指标均呈极显著负相关关系；饱和含水率与除土壤大孔隙总数量外的其他大孔隙特征指标均呈显著正相关关系；有机质含量与各土壤大孔隙特征指标均呈极显著正相关关系。（3）土壤饱和导水率在2.32~3.79 mm·min^-1，且土壤大孔隙体积比、大孔隙面积比、大孔隙平均半径的4次方和大孔隙总数量分别决定了饱和导水率82%、68%、79%和43%的变异。（4）在研究区相同生境条件下，与裸地相比，固沙植物的栽植能够显著提升土壤水分的渗透能力，固沙植物根区土壤水分渗透能力从强到弱为梭梭、沙拐枣、泡泡刺。

关键词: 荒漠-绿洲过渡带, 固沙植物, 水分穿透曲线, 土壤大孔隙

Abstract:

Soil macropores are the main channels for soil moisture infiltration. Investigating their characteristics and influencing factors in the root zone of typical sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone is crucial for regional ecological vegetation restoration and plant selection. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of soil macropores in the root zone of these plants in the middle reaches of the Heihe River desert-oasis transition zone through water penetration experiments. We analyzed the influencing factors of soil macropores and their impact on soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results show the following: (1) The radius of soil macropores ranges from 0.5 to 1.6 mm, exceeding the minimum aeration pore radius of 0.3 mm. Soil moisture movement is mainly driven by gravitational water. The density of soil macropores in the root zone of sand-fixing plants in the transition zone decreases with increasing soil depth, characterized by a higher number of smaller pores and fewer larger pores. (2) Soil bulk density and other soil macropore indicators, except for the total number of macropores, showed a highly significant negative correlation. Conversely, saturated water content and other macroporosity indicators, except for the total number of macropores, exhibited a significant positive correlation. Additionally, organic matter content and various soil macropore indicators showed a highly significant positive correlation. (3) The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil ranged from 2.32 to 3.79 mm·min^-1. The variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined by the soil macroporous volume ratio (82%), macroporous area ratio (68%), the fourth power of the average radius of macroporous space (79%), and the total number of macropores (43%). (4) Under the same habitat conditions in the study area, planting sand-fixing plants significantly improved the water infiltration ability of the soil compared to bare land. Among the three sand-fixing plants studied, their water infiltration abilities ranked as follows, from strongest to weakest: Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, and Nitraria sphaerocarpa.

Key words: desert-oasis transition zone, sand fixing plants, water penetration curve, soil macropores

李嘉楠, 周成乾, 胡广录, 杨鹏华, 李昊辰. 荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(12): 2015-2026.

LI Jianan, ZHOU Chengqian, HU Guanglu, YANG Penghua, LI Haochen. Characteristics and influencing factors of soil macropores in the root zone of sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(12): 2015-2026.

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固沙植物种类	编号	冠幅/m	株高/m	造林时间	立地条件（固定沙丘）	采样时间
梭梭（人工）	SS1	2.47±0.23	2.74±0.17	1990—1992年	丘间低地	6月
	SS2	2.63±0.35	2.53±0.21	1990—1992年	丘间低地	7月
	SS3	2.53±0.33	2.87±0.13	1990—1992年	背风坡	8月
沙拐枣（人工）	SG1	2.42±0.22	1.85±0.10	1990—1992年	丘间低地	6月
	SG2	2.93±0.25	2.11±0.15	1990—1992年	丘间低地	7月
	SG3	2.63±0.18	1.96±0.09	1990—1992年	背风坡	8月
泡泡刺（天然）	PP1	3.88±0.29	0.45±0.02	-	丘间低地	6月
	PP2	4.16±0.22	0.51±0.01	-	丘间低地	7月
	PP3	3.95±0.26	0.48±0.02	-	背风坡	8月
裸地	CK	-	-	-	丘间低地	6—8月

固沙植物类型	土层深度/cm	大孔隙半径范围及数量								大孔隙总数量 /(10⁴个·m^-2)
固沙植物类型	土层深度/cm	半径范围/mm	数量 /(10³个·m^-2)	半径范围/mm	数量 /(10³个·m^-2)	半径范围/mm	数量 /(10³个·m^-2)	半径范围/mm	数量 /(10⁴个·m^-2)	大孔隙总数量 /(10⁴个·m^-2)
梭梭	0~10	1.6~1.1	5.94	1.1~0.9	5.09	0.9~0.7	10.91	0.7~0.5	2.63	4.82
	10~20	1.5~1.1	4.43	1.1~0.9	6.10	0.9~0.7	10.39	0.7~0.5	2.48	4.57
	20~30	1.4~1.1	4.32	1.1~0.9	4.72	0.9~0.7	9.52	0.7~0.5	2.41	4.27
	30~40	1.3~1.1	3.04	1.1~0.9	4.45	0.9~0.7	10.39	0.7~0.5	2.31	4.10
	40~50	1.3~1.1	2.82	1.1~0.9	4.09	0.9~0.7	8.51	0.7~0.5	2.23	3.77
沙拐枣	0~10	1.5~1.1	3.65	1.1~0.9	4.49	0.9~0.7	11.51	0.7~0.5	2.53	4.49
	10~20	1.4~1.1	4.34	1.1~0.9	4.85	0.9~0.7	10.06	0.7~0.5	2.54	4.47
	20~30	1.3~1.1	2.99	1.1~0.9	4.40	0.9~0.7	10.32	0.7~0.5	2.30	4.08
	30~40	1.2~1.1	2.74	1.1~0.9	7.25	0.9~0.7	9.67	0.7~0.5	2.20	4.17
	40~50	1.2~1.1	1.55	1.1~0.9	3.71	0.9~0.7	8.99	0.7~0.5	2.14	3.56
泡泡刺	0~10	1.4~1.1	4.31	1.1~0.9	4.75	0.9~0.7	9.80	0.7~0.5	2.50	4.39
	10~20	1.4~1.1	3.79	1.1~0.9	4.38	0.9~0.7	8.99	0.7~0.5	2.33	4.04
	20~30	1.3~1.1	2.33	1.1~0.9	4.03	0.9~0.7	9.70	0.7~0.5	2.26	3.86
	30~40	1.3~1.1	2.50	1.1~0.9	3.66	0.9~0.7	7.96	0.7~0.5	2.15	3.56
	40~50	1.2~1.1	1.44	1.1~0.9	3.46	0.9~0.7	7.00	0.7~0.5	2.00	3.19
裸地	0~10	1.4~1.1	3.70	1.1~0.9	4.01	0.9~0.7	8.42	0.7~0.5	2.08	3.80
	10~20	1.3~1.1	3.24	1.1~0.9	2.63	0.9~0.7	7.96	0.7~0.5	2.08	3.57
	20~30	1.2~1.1	3.38	1.1~0.9	2.66	0.9~0.7	7.77	0.7~0.5	2.08	3.46
	30~40	1.2~1.1	1.96	1.1~0.9	2.26	0.9~0.7	8.14	0.7~0.5	1.99	3.22
	40~50	-	-	1.1~0.9	3.89	0.9~0.7	7.44	0.7~0.5	1.86	2.99

固沙植物类型	土层深度/cm	平均半径/mm	大孔隙面积比/(m²·m^-2)	大孔隙体积比/(m³·m^-3)	饱和导水率/(mm·min^-1)
梭梭	0~10	0.75±0.04Aa	8.56±0.37Aa	0.84±0.04Aa	3.79±0.18Aa
	10~20	0.75±0.05Aa	8.01±0.30Aa	0.74±0.05Ba	3.57±0.12Ba
	20~30	0.71±0.05ABa	6.78±0.81Ba	0.66±0.02Cab	3.29±0.04Ca
	30~40	0.66±0.06ABa	5.68±0.38Cab	0.65±0.04Ca	3.17±0.06Ca
	40~50	0.62±0.06Ba	4.57±0.18Da	0.57±0.02Da	2.86±0.12Da
沙拐枣	0~10	0.73±0.07Aa	7.49±0.43Ab	0.71±0.04Aab	3.61±0.16Aa
	10~20	0.72±0.07Aa	7.26±0.58Aa	0.73±0.03Aa	3.32±0.20Ba
	20~30	0.65±0.01Aba	5.38±0.07Bb	0.59±0.06BCb	3.15±0.05BCb
	30~40	0.64±0.04ABa	5.04±0.42Bb	0.60±0.04Bab	3.03±0.09CDab
	40~50	0.60±0.02Ba	4.11±0.30Cab	0.50±0.03Cb	2.80±0.11Da
泡泡刺	0~10	0.72±0.05Aa	8.07±0.30Aab	0.72±0.05Ab	3.43±0.11Aab
	10~20	0.71±0.05Aa	7.20±0.06Ba	0.62±0.05Bb	3.26±0.06ABa
	20~30	0.63±0.03ABa	5.03±0.41Db	0.68±0.04ABa	3.21±0.08Bab
	30~40	0.63±0.07ABa	5.95±0.39Ca	0.53±0.02Cbc	2.81±0.05Cbc
	40~50	0.59±0.02Ba	3.67±0.22Ebc	0.45±0.03Cbc	2.55±0.07Db
裸地	0~10	0.71±0.04Aa	6.07±0.15Ac	0.59±0.05Ab	3.10±0.26Ab
	10~20	0.68±0.01ABa	5.15±0.17Bb	0.51±0.03Bc	2.81±0.05ABb
	20~30	0.63±0.03BCa	4.27±0.31Cb	0.44±0.01BCc	2.78±0.07ABc
	30~40	0.59±0.02Ca	5.07±0.10Bb	0.48±0.02Cc	2.63±0.25BCc
	40~50	0.58±0.01Ca	3.19±0.34Dc	0.39±0.03Dc	2.32±0.04Cc

大孔隙特征指标	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度/%	饱和含水率/%	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	不同径级土壤颗粒(d)
大孔隙特征指标	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度/%	饱和含水率/%	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	d<0.25 mm	0.25 mm<d<0.5 mm	d>0.5 mm
总数量	-0.425	0.362	0.373	0.666^**	-0.105	0.02	0.215
平均半径	-0.840^**	0.654^**	0.709^**	0.790^**	0.059	-0.131	0.083
面积比	-0.729^**	0.596^**	0.632^**	0.807^**	0.004	-0.084	0.133
体积比	-0.616^**	0.444	0.485^*	0.891^**	0.061	-0.08	0.03

荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及影响因素

Characteristics and influencing factors of soil macropores in the root zone of sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone

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