塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘新月形沙丘移动特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.04.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新月形沙丘的移动特征可以反映区域内风沙运移和地貌演化过程，对于科学开展风沙灾害防治具有重要意义。本文利用卫星遥感影像与气象再分析数据，研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘6个新月形沙丘群2012—2022年的形态变化与移动特征。结果表明：（1）研究区域内新月形沙丘平均移动速率为6.86 m·a^-1，移动方向与对应区域内盛行风方向基本一致；（2）不同区域内新月形沙丘形态参数之间的关联性呈现显著差异；（3）沙丘高度、下垫面植被覆盖、年均降雨量以及地表温度与沙丘移动速率呈负相关关系，分区拟合结果有差异；（4）且末西南区域的年平均输沙通量约为77120.5 kg·m^-1。研究结果反映了新月形沙丘移动规律的复杂性，不同地理环境因子的影响程度或存在显著差异，需结合实地情况进行具体分析。同时，在沙丘演化过程中，形态参数的动态变化反映了沙丘迁移的内在机理，进一步为新月形沙丘的发育机理提供了实证数据，也为沙丘危害防治和土地规划提供了参考依据。

关键词: 新月形沙丘, 移动速率, 形态参数, 风况, 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘

Abstract:

The movement characteristics of barchan dunes in the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert reveal wind-sand transport features and geomorphological evolution processes, which are of great significance for the systematic prevention of sand and dust disasters in the region. This study used satellite remote sensing images and meteorological reanalysis data to analyze the morphological changes and moving features of six barchan dune groups along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert from 2012 to 2022. The results showed that (1) the average moving speed of barchan dunes within the study area was 6.86 m·a^-1, and the moving direction was consistent with the prevailing wind direction in the corresponding region; (2) the association between the morphological parameters of barchan dunes within the area was complex; (3) the movement of barchan dunes is jointly influenced by the wind energy environment, topography, climatic conditions, and vegetation coverage, of which the dune height, underlying surface vegetation coverage, average annual rainfall, and surface temperature were negatively correlated with dune moving speed, and these negative correlations were significantly optimized after regional classification; (4) the average sand transport rate in the study area was 77120.5 kg·m^-1·a^-1, and it was influenced by the underlying surface conditions and the wind energy environment within the region, which provides an important reference for optimizing sand prevention and control measures. The study results reflect the complexity of the moving pattern of the barchan dunes, and the degree of impact varied with the presence of different geographical environmental factors, which necessitates field-specific analysis. Moreover, the dynamic changes in morphological parameters during the evolution of dunes reveal the internal mechanism of dune migration, providing substantial data for studying the evolution characteristics of dunes and a scientific basis for wind prevention and solidifying work and land planning.

Key words: barchan dunes, migration velocity, morphological parameters, wind regime, southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert

刘鑫, 高鑫. 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘新月形沙丘移动特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(4): 661-673.

LIU Xin, GAO Xin. Migration velocity of barchan dunes at the southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(4): 661-673.

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	影像时间/年-月-日	数据来源	分辨率
沙丘群1	2011-11-10	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群1	2020-05-11	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群2	2011-10-02	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群2	2020-02-14	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群3	2011-11-19	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群3	2020-07-24	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群4	2011-04-16	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群4	2020-04-24	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群5	2011-12-31	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群5	2019-12-04	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群6	2011-12-31	WorldView-2	0.54 m
沙丘群6	2020-09-30	WorldView-2	0.54 m

	移动速率			移动方向
	范围/(m·a^-1)	均值/(m·a^-1)	标准差	范围/(°)	均值/(°)	标准差
沙丘群1	1.1~6.5	4.2	1.2	19.6~284.0	112.9	38.5
沙丘群2	0.2~18.6	6.0	4.2	97.8~299.1	117.2	41.6
沙丘群3	5.9~13.6	9.4	1.9	59.8~258.6	102.6	28.8
沙丘群4	4.8~13.5	8.3	2.6	73.7~113.9	90.6	8.2
沙丘群5	8.1~20.9	12.2	3.5	212.2~234.9	223.1	5.4
沙丘群6	3.5~13.5	7.7	2.2	47.6~254.4	219.5	32.7

		北翼	南翼	迎风坡	背风坡	宽度
沙丘群1	范围	41.7~296.1	34.8~300.0	33.6~99.0	2.1~10.3	28.3~202.9
沙丘群1	均值	133.2	105.5	65.6	6.0	98.9
沙丘群2	范围	45.6~376.3	48.7~282.7	34.5~126.9	2.5~11.3	37.8~280.5
沙丘群2	均值	198.3	154.6	82.7	6.9	158.1
沙丘群3	范围	56.8~310.2	55.6~349.0	28.2~140.4	1.8~8.2	52.6~220.4
沙丘群3	均值	137.5	109.3	60.8	4.3	95.1
沙丘群4	范围	23.6~128.5	15.0~162.9	18.1~85.2	1.7~4.3	13.7~190.6
沙丘群4	均值	76.6	69.4	44.6	2.8	75.0
沙丘群5	范围	29.9~161.0	34.7~311.4	13.4~70.6	3.0~10.3	24.5~262.4
沙丘群5	均值	89.0	170.5	37.8	5.8	140.9
沙丘群6	范围	187.1~1273.5	94.0~432.9	53.3~283.2	4.9~24.3	163.3~837.7
沙丘群6	均值	468.2	255.1	102.1	12.2	435

	NDVI	降雨量/mm	地表温度/℃
沙丘群1	0.058	47.74	27.25
沙丘群2	0.044	34.77	27.91
沙丘群3	0.043	29.30	26.29
沙丘群4	0.054	29.10	23.96
沙丘群5	0.039	33.02	24.72
沙丘群6	0.034	19.90	25.26