青海湖流域不同下垫面类型对地表温度的生物物理影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.01.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究选取青海湖流域亚高山灌丛和温性草原两个不同土地覆盖类型的站点，利用湍流通量数据和自动气象站数据对比生长季和非生长季两个站点的微气象要素和地表能量平衡收支，评估土地利用/土地覆盖变化(Land Use/Land Cover Changes，LULCC)对地表温度的生物物理影响。亚高山灌丛相比温性草原具有更低的地表温度、气温和土壤温度，在生长季两个站点的地表温度、气温和土壤温度的差异更为明显，而非生长季相对湿度的差异更为明显。根据直接分解温度理论(Direct Decomposed Temperature Metric，DTM)，分析不同下垫面对地表温度的生物物理影响。结果表明：白天灌丛相比草原的冷却作用主要贡献因素是短波辐射、地表土壤热通量和感热通量项，其中短波辐射在灌丛的冷却中起到正反馈作用，而后两者起到负反馈作用。夜间灌丛的冷却作用主要贡献因素是地表土壤热通量项。在相同气候和天气背景下，不同下垫面确实会对地表温度有明显的生物物理反馈作用。

关键词: 土地利用和土地覆盖变化, 地表温度, 辐射收支, 地表土壤热通量, 湍流通量, 青海湖流域

Abstract:

The micrometeorological elements, radiation budget, and surface turbulent data at two sites with land cover types of subalpine shrub and warm steppe in the Qinghai Lake Basin in 2021 were compared to investigate the differences in the land-atmosphere interaction between the various surface types and the biophysical effects of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on surface temperature. June to September was the growing, and January to April was the nongrowing season. There were marked differences in surface, air, and soil temperatures and relative humidity between the two sites. In the growing and nongrowing seasons, the peak temperatures of the topmost 5 cm of the soil in warm steppe were 295.4° K and 277.6° K, while those in subalpine shrub were only 288.6° K and 275.4° K, respectively. During the growing season, the peak surface and air temperatures of the warm steppe were 298.8° K and 288.2° K, and that of the subalpine shrub were 292.5° K and 286.5° K, respectively. In the nongrowing season, there was no significant difference in the daytime surface temperatures between the two stations, and the night surface temperature of the warm steppe was 2.8° K higher than that of the subalpine shrubs. The subalpine shrub had lower surface, air, and soil temperatures than the warm steppe; these differences between the two stations were more evident during the growing season, and the variations in the relative humidity in the nongrowing season were more obvious. Based on the Direct Decomposed Temperature Metric, the influence of radiation budget and surface energy distribution between the two sites regarding the surface temperature differences was analyzed. The subalpine shrub had cooling effects compared with the warm steppe. In the daytime of the growing and nongrowing seasons, the short wave radiation term promoted the cooling effect of the subalpine shrub, and the sensible, latent, and surface-soil heat flux terms inhibited the cooling effect of the subalpine shrub. At night, the radiation and nonradiation terms promoted the cooling effect of subalpine shrubs in the growing season. In contrast, the sensible heat flux terms had a warming effect, and the other terms demonstrated a cooling effect in the nongrowing season. The main contributing factors to subalpine shrub cooling during the daytime were shortwave radiation, surface-soil heat flux, and sensible heat flux terms. The main contributing factor at night was the surface-soil heat flux term.

Key words: land use and land cover change, surface temperature, radiation budget, surface soil heat flux, turbulent flux, Qinghai Lake Basin

李永广, 苑广辉. 青海湖流域不同下垫面类型对地表温度的生物物理影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(1): 24-35.

LI Yongguang, YUAN Guanghui. Biophysical effects of the different underlying factors on land the surface temperature in the Qinghai Lake Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 24-35.

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