巴丹吉林沙漠周边沉积物粒度空间分异与粉尘释放源区识别

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.11

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1671-1680.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.11 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.202509011

巴丹吉林沙漠周边沉积物粒度空间分异与粉尘释放源区识别

刘军¹^,²(), 左合君(), 王海兵¹^,²^,³, 张雪, 廖承贤¹^,²^,³

1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011
2.内蒙古风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011
3.内蒙古农业大学，旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010011

收稿日期:2025-02-21 修回日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者: 左合君. E-mail: zuohj@126.com
作者简介:刘军（1984-），男，博士，高级实验师，主要从事荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: 314026272@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42261002);国家自然科学基金项目(41861001);内蒙古农业大学实验教学仪器设备研制与标本制作项目(YZ2024013)

Spatial variations in sediment size serve as a basis for the identification of dust emission source areas around the Badain Jaran Desert

LIU Jun¹^,²(), ZUO Hejun(), WANG Haibing¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Xue, LIAO Chengxian¹^,²^,³

1. College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Key Laboratory of Aeolian Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2025-02-21 Revised:2025-03-17 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示巴丹吉林沙漠周边区域沉积物粒度特征及识别粉尘潜在释放源区，本研究于2023年8月采集该沙漠外围7个典型区域（温图高勒戈壁、阿拉腾敖包戈壁、雅布赖戈壁、阿拉腾朝克戈壁、鼎新-东风戈壁、古日乃干湖区及居延海干湖区）表层（0~2 cm）与下伏层（10~20 cm）沉积物样品各110个，综合运用筛分法与激光粒度分析法解析粒度组成，结合沉积物蚀积模型量化潜在蚀积率与PM₁₀潜在释放率。结果表明：（1）表层沉积物因水成作用叠加风成改造呈细沙（2~3 Φ）、细砾石（-3~-1 Φ）和极细粉沙（8~9 Φ）三峰分布模式，下伏层呈现四峰分布特征（存在粗粉沙峰）；表层沙粒占比（58.23%~84.60%）显著高于下伏层（30.87%~81.20%），且自鼎新-东风戈壁到雅布赖戈壁方向沙粒比例呈递增趋势，砾石、粉沙及黏粒比例呈递减趋势。（2）鼎新-东风戈壁与古日乃干湖区表层细颗粒物质流失显著，潜在蚀积率（7.82%）与PM₁₀潜在释放率（4.01%）最高，雅布赖戈壁最低（0.15%与0.02%）。（3）干湖区以湖相细粒沉积为主，戈壁区受冲洪积作用控制，分选性差；鼎新-东风戈壁高风能区风力筛选导致表层粗化，侵蚀强度空间分异显著。研究证实，鼎新-东风戈壁与古日乃干湖区是巴丹吉林沙漠周边最主要的粉尘潜在释放源区，其地表保护对区域防沙治沙及跨域粉尘传输治理具有关键意义。

关键词: 粒度特征, 粉尘释放潜力, 潜在蚀积率, 沉积环境, 巴丹吉林沙漠

Abstract:

To elucidate the sediment grain size characteristics and identify potential dust emission sources in the regions of the Badain Jaran Desert, 110 surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) sediment samples from seven typical areas (Wentugaole Gobi, Alatengaobao Gobi, Yabulai Gobi, Alatengchaoke Gobi, Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi, Gurinai Dry Lake, and Juyanhai Dry Lake) surrounding the desert were collected in August 2023. Sieving and laser particle size analyses were combined to analyze the grain composition. A sediment erosion-deposition model was used to quantify the potential erosion-deposition and emission rates of PM₁₀. The findings are summarized as follows. (1) Surface sediments exhibited triple peaking distributions dominated by fine sand (2-3 Φ), fine gravel (-3--1 Φ), and very fine silt (8-9 Φ) due to the superimposition of hydraulic processes and eolian erosion. The subsurface layers had quadruple peaking distributions with an additional coarse silt particle peak. The fraction of sand (58.23%-84.60%) in the surface layers significantly exceeded that in the subsurface layers (30.87%-81.20%) as the sand content increased, while the proportions of gravel, silt, and clay declined from the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi to the Yabrai Gobi. (2) The surface fine-particle loss in the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi and Gurinai Dry lakes was the most pronounced, with the highest values in the potential erosion-deposition rates (7.82%) and emission rates of PM₁₀ (4.01%). In contrast, Yabulai Gobi exhibited the lowest values (0.15% and 0.02% for those traits, respectively. (3) The dry lake areas were dominated by fine-grained deposits from the lake, whereas the Gobi regions were influenced by alluvial-proluvial processes that lacked sorting. The Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi, a high-wind-energy zone, exhibited surface coarsening due to the high intensity of spatially heterogeneous eolian erosion. In summary, the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi and Gurinai Dry lakes were considered the primary potential dust emission sources around the Badain Jaran Desert. Moreover, land conservation in these areas is critical for regional sand control and dust transport between regions.

Key words: grain size characteristics, dust emission potential, potential erosion-deposition rate, sedimentary environment, Badain Jaran Desert

刘军, 左合君, 王海兵, 张雪, 廖承贤. 巴丹吉林沙漠周边沉积物粒度空间分异与粉尘释放源区识别[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(9): 1671-1680.

LIU Jun, ZUO Hejun, WANG Haibing, ZHANG Xue, LIAO Chengxian. Spatial variations in sediment size serve as a basis for the identification of dust emission source areas around the Badain Jaran Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1671-1680.

图/表 8

图1

表1

样点地表及地貌特征"

采样区	经纬度	样点数量/个	分布及主要地面特征
温图高勒戈壁	41°20′37.16″~41°59′36.49″N， 101°48′45.98″~102°21′29.69″E	11	植被稀少，该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠北部、阿尔泰山南部，额济纳旗温图高勒苏木境内，样点分布于山前冲洪积扇扇中至扇缘
阿拉腾敖包戈壁	40°16′8.84″~41°14′9.48″N， 103°31′47.18″~103°52′19.31″E	17	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠东部，阿拉善右旗阿拉腾敖包镇境内，样点分布于山前冲洪积扇扇缘、风蚀残山区
雅布赖戈壁	39°16′0.23″~39°46′12.09″N， 101°47′49.51″~103°6′19.85″E	12	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron），该区域位于阿拉善右旗雅布赖镇境内，样点分布于山前洪积扇
阿拉腾朝克戈壁	39°26′16.65″~39°46′19.76″N， 100°19′38.76″~101°44′8.47″E	24	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠西南，阿拉善右旗阿拉腾朝克苏木境内，样点分布于灌丛沙堆、河道、冲洪积扇扇缘
鼎新-东风戈壁	39°59′11.29″~41°0′59.72″N， 99°46′46.49″~100°42′57.74″E	18	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于黑河东岸、巴丹吉林沙漠西部、阿拉善右旗阿拉腾朝克苏木瑙滚布拉格嘎查-金塔县鼎新镇-额济纳旗东风镇宝日乌拉嘎查境内，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘
古日乃干湖区	40°40′29.91″~40°55′36.70″N， 100°54′56.49″~101°18′36.86″E	10	主要植被为梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），位于巴丹吉林沙漠西部，额济纳旗东风镇古日乃嘎查，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘与古日乃湖过渡带、干盐湖等区域
居延海干湖区	41°33′5.41″~42°1′0.21″N， 100°59′55.96″~101°36′7.17″E	18	主要植被为芦苇（Phragmites australis）、胡杨（Populus euphratica）、红柳（Salix microstachya），位于巴丹吉林沙漠西北部，额济纳旗赛罕陶来苏木东缘戈壁与古居延海的过渡带，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘与干湖过渡带、干盐湖等区域

表1

图2

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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采样区	表层沉积物/%				下伏层沉积物/%
采样区	砾石	沙	粉粒	黏粒	砾石	沙	粉粒	黏粒
温图高勒戈壁	26.03	62.41	10.52	1.05	14.25	41.27	40.29	4.18
阿拉腾敖包戈壁	13.20	75.10	10.96	0.74	19.89	42.20	34.92	3.00
雅布赖戈壁	10.05	84.60	5.12	0.22	10.13	81.20	7.82	0.85
阿拉腾朝克戈壁	10.27	78.02	11.00	0.71	12.55	65.21	20.12	2.12
鼎新-东风戈壁	25.95	58.23	14.21	1.61	5.01	30.87	52.31	11.80
古日乃干湖区	3.37	80.32	14.41	1.91	0.46	66.38	30.32	2.85
居延海干湖区	3.51	78.80	16.27	1.42	5.75	57.94	33.27	3.03
全区域	13.11	73.82	12.00	1.07	11.02	52.84	31.93	4.21

巴丹吉林沙漠周边沉积物粒度空间分异与粉尘释放源区识别

Spatial variations in sediment size serve as a basis for the identification of dust emission source areas around the Badain Jaran Desert

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