不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管水运动特性——以叶尔羌河灌区为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以叶尔羌河灌区为研究区域，采用垂直土柱试验模拟的方法，研究不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管水的运动特性。结果表明：毛管水补给速率随时间推移呈降低趋势，明显分为快速下降、线性递减和稳定补给3个阶段；毛管水上升高度及上升速率均与时间之间呈幂函数关系；不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土毛管水补给量与毛管水上升高度呈正比关系，其斜率在数值上等于湿润区土壤平均含水率与初始含水率之差，改进Green Ampt模型可描述毛管水补给量与毛管水上升高度之间的线性关系；毛管水补给速率与毛管水上升高度的倒数呈线性关系。研究成果可为干旱区河渠两岸生态保护植物的恢复和重建及土壤盐渍化的防治提供理论依据。

关键词: 毛管水, 毛管水累计补给量, 毛管水上升高度, 河渠水位, 壤砂土

Abstract:

River canal leakage is the main mode of surface water replenishment to soil water for desert riverbank ecological protection, plant water absorption, and utilization. It is also an important cause of soil salinization during increased groundwater level periods. Therefore, studying the movement of groundwater and soil moisture under the condition of canal leakage recharge in arid areas can be crucial not only for constructing a benign ecological circulation system dominated by water environment, but also for preventing soil salinization. This study used laboratory simulation experiment to analyze the capillary water movement characteristics in loamy sand under different water levels in Yarkant River irrigation area. Results showed a decreasing trend in the capillary water supply rate, which could be subdivided into three stages, including rapid decrease, linear decrease, and stable-state, while the average stable recharge rate 0.02 mm·min^-1 was detected. The rising height of capillary water and rising rate both had parabola relationships with the recharge time. Validation of the linear relationship between capillary water recharge and rising height of capillary water under different canal water levels revealed that the slope (B) was equal to the difference between the mean soil water content (θ_mean) and initial water content (θ_i), while B values under different canal water levels ranged from 0.3155 to 0.4046 cm³·cm^-3, with a mean value of 0.3695 cm³·cm^-3. A linear correlation was detected between capillary water supply rate and the reciprocal value of rising height of capillary water. The improved Green-Ampt model could successfully be used to simulate capillary water rise process in a homogeneous loamy sand. Overall, these results could potentially provide clues for studying the restoration and reconstruction of ecologically protected plants in canals, and for the prevention of soil salinization in arid areas.

Key words: capillary water, cumulative supply of capillary water, rising height of capillary water, channel water level, loamy sand

陈永宝, 胡顺军, 张书杰, 裴明松, 张巧丽. 不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管水运动特性——以叶尔羌河灌区为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 373-380.

CHEN Yongbao, HU Shunjun, ZHANG Shujie, PEI Mingsong, ZHANG Qiaoli. Capillary water movement characteristics in loamy sand under different water levels: A case study in the Yarkant River Irrigation Area of Xinjiang Province, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 373-380.

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干容重/ （g·cm^-3）	饱和含水率（θ_s）/ （cm³·cm^-3）	初始含水率（θ_i）/（cm³·cm^-3）	土壤机械组成/%			土壤质地
干容重/ （g·cm^-3）	饱和含水率（θ_s）/ （cm³·cm^-3）	初始含水率（θ_i）/（cm³·cm^-3）	砂粒（2~0.05 mm）	粉粒（0.05~0.002 mm）	黏粒（<0.002 mm）	土壤质地
1.48	0.42	0.03	73.15	24.15	2.80	壤砂土

河渠水位（H）/cm	k	α	t₁ /min	i(t₁) /(cm·min^-1)	b	t₂ /min	i_∞ /(cm·min^-1)
0	0.2319	-0.396	32	0.047	-0.0004	98	0.016
5	0.5138	-0.612	26	0.075	-0.0005	95	0.024
10	0.6393	-0.622	25	0.087	-0.0006	94	0.033
15	0.4951	-0.561	27	0.075	-0.0004	126	0.022
20	0.5256	-0.519	28	0.088	-0.0008	95	0.038
25	0.5699	-0.515	22	0.100	-0.0010	105	0.030
30	0.7997	-0.628	19	0.125	-0.0010	90	0.021
35	1.0619	-0.738	17	0.125	-0.0014	70	0.028

	河渠水位（H）/cm
	0	5	10	15	20	25	30	35
A₁	0.8636	1.9261	1.9358	2.7079	2.2808	2.0082	2.8565	2.3062
A₂	0.6129	0.4955	0.5163	0.4537	0.5227	0.5585	0.4975	0.5692
R²	0.9792	0.9983	0.9975	0.9989	0.9966	0.9980	0.9983	0.9914

	河渠水位（H）/cm
	0	5	10	15	20	25	30	35
B	0.3155	0.3565	0.4064	0.3631	0.3696	0.3888	0.3821	0.3739
R²	1.0000	0.9995	0.9998	0.9991	0.9995	0.9949	0.9992	0.9992

	河渠水位（H）/cm
	0	5	10	15	20	25	30	35
C₁	0.3088	0.9382	1.0704	1.2999	1.2751	1.2063	1.8670	2.1689
C₂	0.0078	-0.0214	-0.0128	-0.0284	-0.0073	0.003	-0.0203	-0.0346
R²	0.9167	0.9784	0.9913	0.9732	0.9855	0.9812	0.9644	0.9900