地形影响下祁连山北麓不同类型降水特征对比分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用张掖CINRAD/CC多普勒雷达资料,结合气象观测资料及L波段探空秒数据,分析祁连山北麓不同类型强降水过程中地形的影响效应,结果表明：不同类型强降水的形成机制及物理量条件各有差异,地形对降水的影响效应也各不相同;各类型降水的大值区集中在山区或山地北坡,地形升高造成的强迫抬升效应显著;局地小地形的阻挡、辐合和抬升作用在强对流性降水过程中较为突出;大地形整体抬升形成的列车效应及局地小地形的汇集作用共同造成了短时强降水型过程;而系统性冷空气影响降水过程中,地形作用的主要表现形式是承载层气流在“口袋”状地形影响下,强回波不断生成并长时间维持;探空数据上,高层冷云降水与低层暖云降水的表征项变化各不相同。

关键词: 祁连山北麓, 强降水特征, 地形影响, 雷达回波, 探空秒数据

Abstract:

The effects of precipitation on Qilian Mountain and the process of heavy rain in different terrains were evaluated using data from the Zhangye CINRAD/CC Doppler radar, conventional meteorological observation, and L-band second radiosonde. The different types of heavy rain formation mechanisms and physical conditions depend on the effect of terrain on the precipitation. The large value area for every type of precipitation is concentrated in the mountainous area or the northern slope of the mountain. The forced uplift effect caused by terrain elevation was significant. The blocking, convergence, and uplift of minor local terrains are more prominent in the process of strong convective precipitation. The training effect produced by the overall uplift due to the significant topography and the convergence effect caused by the small local topography resulted in a short-time heavy precipitation process. In systematic cold air affecting precipitation, the main topographic action form is the strong airflow echo in the bearing layer, which is continuously generating and is being maintained for a long time under the influence of a “pocket” topographic shape. The representational terms of upper-level cold cloud precipitation and lower-level warm cloud precipitation differed in the radiosonde data.

Key words: the northern foot of Qilian Mountains, heavy precipitation, terrain influence, radar echo, sounding second level data

付双喜,张洪芬,杨丽杰,赵玉娟,张可心,陈祺. 地形影响下祁连山北麓不同类型降水特征对比分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1226-1234.

FU Shuangxi,ZHANG Hongfen,YANG Lijie,ZHAO Yujuan,ZHANG Kexin,CHEN Qi. Comparative analysis of different types of precipitation characteristics in the northern foot of Qilian Mountain under the influence of topography[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1226-1234.

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时间	形势场				物理量场
	200 hPa急流	500 hPa	700 hPa	地面	K指数/℃	700 hPa比湿/(g·kg^-1)	θse_{700 hPa}/℃	T_700-500/℃
2017-08-08 T8:00	出口区左侧	冷槽	暖脊	辐合线	22-24	6-7	58-60	≥22
2018-08-31 T8:00	无	低涡	切变	锋生	≥32	≥12	70-76	≥18
2019-06-26 T8:00	入口区右侧	槽	切变	露点锋	18-24	6-8	56-64	≥20

时间		起始层			结束层			云层厚度/gpm
时间		P/hPa	T/℃	H/gpm	P/hPa	T/℃	H/gpm	云层厚度/gpm
2017-07-08—09	07-07 T23:00	493.8	-12.5	5912	472.7	-14.8	6223	311
	07-08 T11:00	577.3	-2.2	4724	507.1	-8.6	5725	1001
	07-08 T23:00	574.8	-2.8	4751	527.4	-8.1	5418	667
2018-08-31—09-01	08-31 T11:00	848.1	20.5	1462	347.5	-17.2	8701	7241
	08-31 T23:00	853.4	16.4	1462	527	-0.4	5428	3966
	09-01 T11:00	591.6	0	4495	519.7	-3.1	5528	1083
	09-01 T23:00	636.9	2.3	3906	558.9	-17	4935	1047
2019-06-25—26	06-25 T11:00	753.8	12.9	2479	535.5	-2.6	5264	2785
	06-25 T23:00	626	1.1	3997	410.5	-13.8	7317	3320
	06-26 T11:00	666.5	3.3	3476	366.7	-19	8180	4704
	06-26 T23:00	658.7	0.9	3573	346.4	-22.9	8538	4965

时间		H_{0 ℃} /gpm	P_{0 ℃} /hPa	RH_{0 ℃} /%	0 ℃ 风向	V_{0 ℃} /(m·s^-1)	H_{-20 ℃} /gpm	P_{-20 ℃} /hPa	RH_{-20 ℃} /%	-20 ℃ 风向	V_{-20 ℃} /(m·s^-1)	H /gpm	风切变/s
2017-07-08—09	07-07 T23:00	4295	607	64	299	17	7470	400.9	18	295	18	3175	0.1
	07-08 T11:00	4391	599.6	77	319	17	7487	401	25	295	18	3096	0.11
	07-08 T23:00	4417	598.7	80	306	14	7695	390	7	349	14	3278	0
2018-08-31—09-01	08-31 T11:00	5573	518.3	91	186	8	9073	329.5	83	300	12	3500	0.83
	08-31 T23:00	4676	581.3	92	300	19	8938	332.8	8	250	19	4262	1.15
	09-01 T11:00	4495	591.6	92	297	4	8823	340.1	86	255.3	30	4328	2.99
	09-01 T23:00	4605	583.5	92	249	8	8748	340.6	12	270	24	4143	1.71
2019-06-25—26	06-25 T11:00	4591	582.3	93	40	3	8347	358.9	80	266	23	3756	3.41
	06-25 T23:00	4362	598.5	90	53	4	8476	3515	74	258	24	4114	2.7
	06-26 T23:00	4149	613.2	91	119	2	8200	352	87	266	22	4051	3.52
	06-26 T23:00	3573	658.7	91	282	7	8181	363.2	85	242	24	4608	1.49