近28 a克孜河流域天然植被需水满足程度研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.19

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1075-1084.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.19

近28 a克孜河流域天然植被需水满足程度研究

李骊¹(),张青青¹(),李宏¹,王雅梅¹,赵新风^2,^3,⁴

1.新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院阿克苏农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-11-18 修回日期:2021-03-04 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-03
通讯作者: 张青青
作者简介:李骊(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态学方面的研究. E-mail: 785146615@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然基金项目(2515GZRZZ);喀什噶尔河流域规划项目《喀什噶尔河流域陆生生态现状调查与陆生生态回顾性评价》

The status of natural vegetation water demand in the Kezi River Basin in recent over 28 years

LI Li¹(),ZHANG Qingqing¹(),LI Hong¹,WANG Yamei¹,ZHAO Xinfeng^2,^3,⁴

1. College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Aksu Farmland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2020-11-18 Revised:2021-03-04 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-03
Contact: Qingqing ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以克孜河流域天然植被为研究对象,基于Landsat TM遥感影像及流域统计年鉴,分析了1990年、2000年、2010年及2018年流域天然植被的动态变化,采用潜水蒸散法计算了4个时期流域天然植被的生态需水量,研究了现状年流域天然植被潜水蒸发的极限埋深及恢复需水量。结果表明:(1) 克孜河流域天然植被面积在28 a年间减少了1612.48 km²,减少幅度18.99%,总覆盖度减少22.26%;(2) 克孜河流域天然植被在4个时期内的需水量分别为7.69×10⁸m³、7.49×10⁸m³、6.65×10⁸m³及5.84×10⁸m³;(3) 克孜河流域4个时期内流域来水均无法完全满足天然植被的生态需水量,分别缺水6.65×10⁸m³、7.49×10⁸m³、6.11×10⁸m³和5.84×10⁸m³,流域缺水现象十分严重。为保证天然植被的生态需水,确定5.5 m为潜水蒸发极限地下水位埋深,所需水量为9.73×10⁸m³。

关键词: 天然植被, 生态需水, 克孜河流域, 满足程度

Abstract:

The natural vegetation of the Kezi River Basin is essential to the ecological environment, economic development, and social benefits of the entire region. The dynamic changes in time and space of the natural vegetation in the Kezi River Basin in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 were analyzed using Lansat TM images and annual statistical data of the watershed. Using diving evapotranspiration, the ecological water demand of natural vegetation in the basin was calculated during these four periods. Then, the author combined the research results of the predecessors to determine the limit buried depth of natural vegetation evaporation in the Kezi River Basin, which is the lowest groundwater level that can meet the ecological water requirements of the natural vegetation in the Kezi River Basin, and the amount of water that needs to be restored. We found that between 1990 and 2018, the area of natural vegetation in the Kezi River Basin reduced by 1612.48 km². The overall reduction over the 28 years was 18.99%, and the total vegetation coverage also decreased by 22.26%. Additionally, the water demand of natural vegetation in the Kezi River Basin during the four periods was 7.69×10⁸ m³, 7.49×10⁸ m³, 6.65×10⁸ m³, and 5.84×10⁸ m³, respectively. During the four periods, the vegetation types with the highest water requirements for natural vegetation in the basin were medium-covered grasslands, and the ecological water requirements were 3.59×10⁸ m³, 3.63×10⁸ m³, 2.92×10⁸ m³, and 2.42×10⁸ m³, respectively. The vegetation with the lowest water requirement were sparse forest land, and the water requirements in the four periods were 0.19×10⁸ m³, 0.19×10⁸ m³, 0.18×10⁸ m³, and 0.17×10⁸ m³, respectively. The water requirements of natural vegetation in the Kezi River Basin in 1990 and 2010 were 16.48% and 8. 13%, respectively, and they were zero in both 2000 and 2018. In the four periods, the inflow of water in the basin could not fully meet the ecological water demand of natural vegetation, and the water shortages were 6.65×10⁸ m³, 7.49×10⁸ m³, 6.11×10⁸ m³, and 5.84×10⁸ m³, respectively, which shows that water shortage in the basin has been severe. The phreatic evaporation limit groundwater depth was estimated as 5.5 m to ensure the ecological water demand of natural vegetation. Based on the current data, the water required to restore the groundwater depth to 5.5 m is 9.73×10⁸ m³.

Key words: natural vegetation, ecological water requirement, Kezi River Basin, satisfaction degree

李骊,张青青,李宏,王雅梅,赵新风. 近28 a克孜河流域天然植被需水满足程度研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1075-1084.

LI Li,ZHANG Qingqing,LI Hong,WANG Yamei,ZHAO Xinfeng. The status of natural vegetation water demand in the Kezi River Basin in recent over 28 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1075-1084.

图/表 10

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植被类型	有林地	疏林地	灌木林地	高覆盖草地	中覆盖草地	低覆盖草地
影响系数	1.45	1.38	1.00	1.45	1.35	1.00
平均地下水埋深/m	2.5	3	4.5	2.5	3	4

植被类型	1990—2018年天然植被面积/km²				1990—2018年植被生态需水量/10⁸m³
植被类型	1990年	2000年	2010年	2018年	1990年	2000年	2010年	2018年
有林地	421.61	346.06	327.75	315.76	1.30	1.07	1.01	0.98
灌木林地	246.52	230.08	201.74	169.6	0.39	0.36	0.32	0.27
疏林地	1184.9	1156.63	1103.17	1052.54	0.19	0.19	0.18	0.17
高覆盖草地	609.8	529.76	546.13	475.09	1.88	1.64	1.69	1.47
中覆盖草地	2333.79	2358.06	1897.61	1573.34	3.59	3.63	2.92	2.42
低覆盖草地	3692.94	3669.78	3254.56	3290.75	0.60	0.60	0.53	0.54
总计	8489.56	8290.37	7330.96	6877.08	7.96	7.49	6.65	5.84

年份	来水量 /10⁸m³	河道基流量/10⁸m³	年蒸发水量 /10⁸m³	流域居民引水量/10⁸m³	剩余水量/10⁸m³	天然植被可用水量/10⁸m³	天然植被生态需水量/10⁸m³	天然植被缺水量/10⁸m³	天然植被需水满足程度/%
1990	30.09	9.03	5.92	13.83	1.31	1.31	7.96	6.65	16.48
2000	27.83	8.35	4.3	15.71	-0.53	0	7.49	7.49	0.00
2010	33.48	10.04	3.46	19.43	0.54	0.54	6.65	6.11	8.13
2018	27.19	8.16	2.76	24.55	-8.29	0	5.84	5.84	0.00

流域河段	行政区域	2018年平均地下水埋深/m	区域天然植被面积/km²	恢复地下水位所需水量/10⁸m³
流域山区上游区域	阿克陶、乌恰县	5.89	3566.92	1.25
流域绿洲中游区域	疏附县、喀什市、疏勒县、岳普湖县、伽师县	6.85	2083.64	2.53
流域荒漠下游区域	巴楚县、图木舒克市、柯坪县、阿瓦提县	10.89	1226.51	5.95
总计	-	-	6877.08	9.73

近28 a克孜河流域天然植被需水满足程度研究

The status of natural vegetation water demand in the Kezi River Basin in recent over 28 years

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