大同土林地貌沉积物粒度特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土林是在干旱-半干旱地区典型的流水侵蚀地貌,研究其物质组成可揭示土林沉积环境演变过程,为进一步探究土林的发育演化奠定基础。本文采用粒度分析方法,对其地层剖面沉积物组成特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）大同土林沉积物的粒度组成以粉沙为主,平均含量高达50.6%,其次为黏土,平均含量为36.01%,粗颗粒组分的含量较低。（2）自然频率分布曲线呈单峰和双峰分布模式,相应的累积频率曲线也呈单一直线型和两段型分布模式,表明土林沉积物组成以悬移组分占主导。（3）随着土层深度的增加,土林沉积物平均粒径呈波动变粗的趋势,分选性由较差向差波动变化,偏度由负偏经近对称向正偏转变,峰态多为宽和中等。大同土林沉积物主要形成于河流相和湖泊相沉积的环境,并夹有风成地层,且这些地层在垂直剖面上呈互层分布。土林的形成受内、外营力的共同影响,其发育演化过程与当地气候变化密切相关。

关键词: 土林, 粒度, 沉积环境, 大同盆地

Abstract:

Earth forests are typical fluvial erosion landforms, which refer to a series of positive and negative relieves, such as column-shaped and wall-shaped forests, as well as gullies. The materials that composed the earth forests are previously deposited semi-loose to semi-consolidated fluvial and lacustrine strata. Therefore, the earth forests’ strata bear abundant information on regional environmental change. By applying grain size analysis to the sediments of earth forests’ strata, this study tentatively demonstrates the material composition and the regional sedimentary environment’s variation processes. A study on grain size characteristics of earth forest landform sediments in the Datong Basin can make clear its material composition and sedimentary environment and provide a scientific basis for the development and evolutionary history of earth forest landforms. Here, 23 sediment samples were collected from a stratum profile of earth forest, and their grain size grading, frequency distribution curves, and grain size parameters were analyzed. The results indicated that the earth forest in the Datong Basin was mainly composed of silt, with an average content of 50.6%, followed by clay, with an average content of 36.01%, and the contents of coarser grain size fractions were scarce. The frequency distribution curve showed uni-and bi-modal distribution patterns. The cumulative grain size frequency curves showed one-and two-segment distribution patterns, which indicated suspension and saltation loads, and each component’s content varied. With the increase in soil depth, the average particle size tends to fluctuate and become coarser. The sorting characteristics fluctuate from moderately poor to poor. The skewness changed from nearly symmetrical to negative and eventually positive. The kurtosis was mostly wide and medium. Sediments of the Datong earth forest were mainly formed in the aeolian, fluvial, and lacustrine sedimentary environments, and these strata were vertically interbedded. The formation of the earth forest is affected by internal and external forces, and its developmental and evolutionary process is closely related to the local climate change. The earth forests’ strata are usually deposited in the fluvial and lacustrine environments during relatively warmer conditions, while they are deposited by aeolian deposition during the arid climate.

Key words: earth forest, grain-size, sedimentary environment, Datong Basin

蔡莹莹,李继彦,屈欣,王萌,王颖颖. 大同土林地貌沉积物粒度特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 892-900.

CAI Yingying,LI Jiyan,QU Xin,WANG Meng,WANG Yingying. Grain size characteristics of earth forest sediments in the Datong Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 892-900.

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土层/cm	颜色	岩性特征
0~20	红黄色（7.5YR8/6）	黏土,质地疏松,发育弱的垂直节理
20~30	红黄色（7.5YR7/6）	粉质黏土
30~60	红黄色（7.5YR7/8）	粉质亚黏土,土质松散,水平层理
60~110	红棕色（2.5YR5/3）	粉质黏土,质地坚硬
110~130	淡褐色（10YR8/3）	黏土
130~140	淡褐色（10YR8/4）	粉质黏土
140~150	红棕色（2.5YR5/3）	粉质亚黏土,质地坚硬
150~155	淡褐色（10YR8/3）	黏土
155~170	红棕色（2.5YR5/3）	粉质亚黏土,质地坚硬
170~180	淡褐色（10YR8/3）	粉质黏土,具水平层理
180~206	红棕色（2.5YR5/3）	粉质亚黏土,质地坚硬

分选系数σ_I		偏度SK_I		峰态K_g
等级	范围值	等级	范围值	等级	范围值
极好	<0.35	极负偏	-1~-0.3	很宽	<0.67
好	0.35~0.5	负偏	-0.3~-0.1	宽	0.67~0.90
较好	0.5~0.71	近对称	-0.1~0.1	中等	0.90~1.11
中等	0.71~1.00	正偏	0.1~0.3	窄	1.11~1.56
较差	1.00~2.00	极正偏	0.3~1	很窄	1.56~3.00
差	2.00~4.00
极差	>4.00

土层/cm	粒级级配/%								粒度参数
土层/cm	黏土	粉沙	极细沙	细沙	中沙	粗沙	极粗沙	砾石	M_z/φ	σ_I	SK_I	K_g
TL-0	88.45	10.09	0.75	0.55	0.16	0	0	0	9.08	1.25	0.07	0.98
TL-10	43.18	37.94	9.23	8.36	1.30	0	0	0	6.73	2.66	-0.22	0.96
TL-20	56.46	32.61	5.27	4.00	1.61	0.04	0	0	7.75	2.48	-0.21	1.08
TL-30	39.23	42.63	7.90	6.13	1.84	0.79	0.95	0.52	6.62	2.62	-0.20	1.03
TL-40	29.28	48.99	11.38	8.09	2.25	0.01	0	0	6.18	2.48	-0.07	0.89
TL-50	28.89	53.36	7.94	7.54	2.26	0	0	0	6.29	2.40	-0.09	1.08
TL-60	24.83	54.56	10.86	8.28	1.48	0	0	0	6.03	2.32	-0.05	0.95
TL-70	31.31	62.26	4.36	2.04	0.03	0	0	0	6.80	1.81	0.02	1.04
TL-80	41.89	54.99	2.04	0.71	0.29	0.09	0	0	7.31	1.67	0.01	1.00
TL-90	37.16	45.59	9.61	7.12	0.53	0	0	0	6.57	2.41	-0.17	0.95
TL-100	38.30	60.04	1.32	0.33	0	0	0	0	7.23	1.58	0.10	0.98
TL-110	33.79	62.85	2.64	0.72	0	0	0	0	6.99	1.64	0.04	1.01
TL-120	37.86	36.23	13.57	10.85	1.49	0	0	0	6.37	2.63	-0.19	0.71
TL-130	36.39	35.01	13.98	12.50	2.13	0	0	0	6.25	2.70	-0.14	0.70
TL-140	32.52	53.46	10.29	3.73	0	0	0	0	6.52	2.21	-0.04	0.92
TL-150	22.84	62.28	11.32	3.56	0	0	0	0	6.08	2.02	0.11	0.93
TL-155	54.27	37.99	5.53	1.43	0.57	0.21	0	0	7.54	2.24	-0.21	0.95
TL-160	22.18	74.33	2.75	0.74	0	0	0	0	6.54	1.55	0.18	1.10
TL-170	28.05	60.09	9.37	2.49	0	0	0	0	6.38	2.12	0.16	0.92
TL-180	38.23	46.15	10.44	4.99	0.19	0	0	0	6.67	2.42	-0.05	0.84
TL-190	20.52	53.78	15.68	9.53	0.49	0	0	0	5.68	2.24	0.11	0.87
TL-200	16.14	63.53	13.58	6.59	0.16	0	0	0	5.61	1.97	0.15	1.03
TL-206	26.43	62.51	8.29	2.78	0	0	0	0	6.40	1.99	0.07	0.99