干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2142-2152.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.16

• 农业生态 • 上一篇    

1990—2020年天山北坡经济带农业土地利用模式系统调查及典型模式可持续性评价

于晓彤1,2(), 郭康1,2, 王佐军3, 马晓飞2,4, 吴帅1,2, 许世贤2,4, 罗格平2,4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.新疆大学生态与环境学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    3.敦煌市园林绿化和环卫服务中心，甘肃 敦煌 736200
    4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27 修回日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 罗格平. E-mail: luogp@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:于晓彤（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土地资源利用模式的系统研究. E-mail: yuxiaotong322@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    石河子垦区生态系统碳通量模型建设及碳汇核算(2025SF04);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项——上海合作组织科技伙伴计划(2025E01027)

Systematic investigation of agricultural land use patterns and sustainability assessment of typical models in the northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains, 1990-2020

YU Xiaotong1,2(), GUO Kang1,2, WANG Zuojun3, MA Xiaofei2,4, WU Shuai1,2, XU Shixian2,4, LUO Geping2,4()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    2. School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
    3. Dunhuang City Landscaping and Sanitation Service Center, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2024-12-27 Revised:2025-05-12 Published:2025-11-15 Online:2025-12-13

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摘要：

天山北坡经济带农业资源利用存在的水资源短缺、生态脆弱和生产结构不合理等挑战，与农业土地资源利用模式密切相关，亟需对其农业土地资源利用模式及其可持续性进行系统分析和评估。本文首先分析了1990—2020年区域农业土地资源利用过程与转型，并总结了36种农业土地资源利用模式；然后构建涵盖经济、生态和管理维度的评价框架，对高效节水灌溉和农业机械化2种典型模型进行了可持续性评估。高效节水灌溉模式在社会经济与技术进步的推动下逐步优化，综合效益持续提升，2020年已达到最高的I级水平，经济、社会和生态效益显著。农业机械化模式在21世纪快速发展，2020年同样达到I级高水平，农机化保障能力的不断增强是核心推动力。未来天山北坡经济带农业土地资源利用需向智能化、高效和生态可持续性的高质量发展路径转型。

关键词: 天山北坡经济带, 土地利用模式, 节水模式, 农机化模式

Abstract:

The northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains faces multiple challenges in agricultural resource utilization, including water scarcity, ecological vulnerability, and an unbalanced production structure, all of which are closely linked to patterns of agricultural land use. To address these issues, a systematic analysis and assessment of land use patterns and their sustainability is urgently needed. This study examines the evolution and transformation of agricultural land use in the region from 1990 to 2020, identifying 36 distinct utilization patterns. An evaluation framework integrating economic, ecological, and management dimensions is developed to assess the sustainability of two representative models: efficient water-saving irrigation and agricultural mechanization. The results indicate that, driven by socioeconomic progress and technological advancements, the efficient water-saving irrigation model has undergone continuous optimization, achieving the highest sustainability rating (Level I) by 2020, with notable economic, social, and ecological benefits. Similarly, agricultural mechanization has experienced rapid growth since the early 21st century, also reaching Level I by 2020, with the enhancement of mechanization capacity as its primary driver. Looking ahead, agricultural land use in the Northern Slope Economic Belt should transition toward an intelligent, efficient, and ecologically sustainable high-quality development pathway.

Key words: northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains, land use patterns, water-saving models, agricultural mechanization model