干旱区典型城市湖泊影响局地气候效应的数值模拟研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.05

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2005-2017.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.05

干旱区典型城市湖泊影响局地气候效应的数值模拟研究

王璠¹^,²^,³(), 朱晓炜¹^,²^,³(), 高睿娜¹^,²^,³, 孙银川¹^,²^,³, 黄莹¹^,²^,³, 蒋国勇¹^,²^,⁴, 李佳瑶¹^,²^,³, 徐昊洋¹^,²^,³, 刘垚¹^,²

1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002
2.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002
3.宁夏气候中心，宁夏银川 750002
4.宁夏灵武市气象局，宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-13
通讯作者: 朱晓炜. E-mail: zhxw1029@163.com
作者简介:王璠（1990-），女，硕士，工程师，主要从事气候监测诊断和气象灾害风险的研究. E-mail: wangfan922@126.com
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03794);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BEG03058);宁夏青年拔尖人才工程;宁夏智能数字预报技术研究与应用科技创新团队项目(2024CXTD006);中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXFZ2025Q022);国家自然科学基金项目(32160639)

Numerical simulation study on the impact of typical trban lakes in arid regions on local climate effects

WANG Fan¹^,²^,³(), ZHU Xiaowei¹^,²^,³(), GAO Ruina¹^,²^,³, SUN Yinchuan¹^,²^,³, HUANG Ying¹^,²^,³, JIANG Guoyong¹^,²^,⁴, LI Jiayao¹^,²^,³, XU Haoyang¹^,²^,³, Liu Yao¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
2. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
3. Ningxia Climate Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
4. Ningxia Lingwu City Meteorological Bureau, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China

Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-09-15 Published:2025-11-15 Online:2025-12-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示干旱区城市湖泊对极端高温的局地气候调节机理，基于WRF_CLM耦合模式构建4层嵌套网格，模拟了2021年7月29—30日银川阅海湖区域的高温天气过程。结果表明：（1） WRF_CLM模式能精准模拟银川站气温日变化特征，并良好再现低层温度场、风场等物理量场的空间分布，证实其在干旱区湖泊微气候模拟中具有良好的适用性。（2）在高温天气下，位于干旱区的阅海湖可通过热力与动力协同作用有效抑制城市热岛强度：白天，干旱区低湿度与强辐射显著增强蒸发冷却，使近湖区2 m气温较外围城市区降低约4 ℃；夜间，陆面强辐射冷却与水体降温滞后效应叠加，使湖区与城市区温差缩小至不足1 ℃，形成“昼强夜弱”模式，这种变化还减小了湖区气温日较差。（3）辐射蒸发作用使湖区较城市区相对湿度提升4%~12%，湿度在下风向湖岸达峰值。（4）湖陆热力差异有效驱动了湖陆风，白天湖面形成水平辐散中心，作用范围延伸至湖岸0.05°，垂直方向则激发中心高度2200 m的闭合环流圈，并构成比湿核心区；夜间蒸发减弱后，城市背景风系主导水汽扩散，湖区局地增湿效应减弱。该研究量化了干旱区典型湖泊局地气候效应，可为生态城市规划提供科学依据。

关键词: WRF_CLM模式, 高温, 湖陆风, 气候效应

Abstract:

To investigate the mechanisms by which urban lakes in arid regions locally regulate climate at extremely high temperatures, this study simulated a high-temperature event in the Yuehai Lake area of Yinchuan during July 29-30, 2021. Simulations were performed in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Community Land Model coupled model configured with four nested grids. The WRF_CLM model accurately characterized the diurnal temperature variations at the Yinchuan station and effectively reproduced the spatial distributions of physical fields such as the near-surface temperature field and wind field, demonstrating its suitability for simulating lake microclimates in arid regions. Under high-temperature conditions, Yuehai Lake, situated in an arid region, can effectively mitigate urban heat-island intensity through synergistic thermal and dynamic effects. The low humidity and strong radiation in the arid region significantly enhance evaporative cooling during the daytime; consequently, the 2-meter air temperature is approximately 4 ℃ lower near the lake than in the surrounding urban areas. During the nighttime, this temperature difference narrows to 1 ℃ because the strong radiative cooling effect over land combines with the thermal inertia of the cooled water body. This “stronger during the day, weaker at night” pattern reduces the diurnal temperature range in the lake area. Simultaneously, radiative evaporation raises the relative humidity in the lake area by 4%-12% from that in urban areas, with the humidity peaking on the downwind lakeshore. Furthermore, the lake-land thermal contrast effectively drives the lake-land breeze circulation. During the day, a horizontal divergence center forms over the lake surface and extends its influence to approximately 0.05 toward the lakeshore; vertically, it induces a closed circulation cell centered at an approximate height of 2200 meters, creating a core zone of specific humidity. At night, the evaporation weakens and the urban background wind system dominates the moisture diffusion, diminishing the local humidification effect around the lake. This study quantifies the local climatic effects of a typical lake in an arid region, providing a scientific basis for ecological urban planning.

Key words: WRF_CLM model, high temperature, lake-land breeze, climatic effect

王璠, 朱晓炜, 高睿娜, 孙银川, 黄莹, 蒋国勇, 李佳瑶, 徐昊洋, 刘垚. 干旱区典型城市湖泊影响局地气候效应的数值模拟研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 2005-2017.

WANG Fan, ZHU Xiaowei, GAO Ruina, SUN Yinchuan, HUANG Ying, JIANG Guoyong, LI Jiayao, XU Haoyang, Liu Yao. Numerical simulation study on the impact of typical trban lakes in arid regions on local climate effects[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 2005-2017.

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参数	D01	D02	D03	D04
水平分辨率	9 km	3 km	1 km	333 m
微物理方案	WRF Double-moment 6-class scheme
长波辐射	RRTM scheme
短波辐射	Dudhia scheme
陆面过程	CLM 4.0
边界层	YSU scheme
近地面方案	Revised MM5 surface layer scheme
积云方案	无
湖泊方案	CLM 4.5 lake model
地形	24-category USGS-based land use data

干旱区典型城市湖泊影响局地气候效应的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation study on the impact of typical trban lakes in arid regions on local climate effects

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