中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NOx排放通量的估算

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.05

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 820-828.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.05 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250505

中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NO_x排放通量的估算

周飞¹^,²(), 王长燕¹, 王芳³, 吴巧丽⁴, 苏小莉², 张代洲⁵, 吴枫²()

1.宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院，陕西宝鸡 721013
2.中国科学院地球环境研究所，黄土科学全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710061
3.内蒙古自治区环境监测总站，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
4.西安地球环境创新研究院，陕西西安 710061
5.熊本县立大学环境共生学部，日本熊本 862-8502

收稿日期:2024-12-27 修回日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
通讯作者: 吴枫. E-mail: kurt_wf@ieecas.cn
作者简介:周飞（1998-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事多源遥感在地气物质交换中的应用. E-mail: zhoufei655129@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971150);国家自然科学基金项目(42030511);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB40030200)

Estimation of soil NO_X emissions in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China

ZHOU Fei¹^,²(), WANG Changyan¹, WANG Fang³, WU Qiaoli⁴, SU Xiaoli², ZHANG Daizhou⁵, WU Feng²()

1. School of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, Shaanxi, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
3. Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Central Station， Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
5. Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan

Received:2024-12-27 Revised:2025-04-02 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-10-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沙漠地表的氮氧化物（NO_X）排放过程，对沙漠地区的大气活性氮循环具有重要作用。然而，目前对于沙漠地区NO_X排放的定量评估仍然十分有限，制约了对其产生的环境影响的深入理解。本研究基于物质守恒定律，利用Sentinel-5P卫星搭载的TROPOMI传感器获取的NO₂垂直柱浓度（NO₂VCD），综合考虑区域内NO_X的大气水平输送、扩散、化学转化、沉降及人为排放等因素，估算了2021年夏季中国北部沙漠及其周边地区的土壤NO_X排放通量。研究结果显示：（1）该地区土壤NO_X平均排放通量为17.6 ng·m^-2·s^-1，其变化范围处于 0~85 ng·m^-2·s^-1之间，低值集中在沙漠腹地，而外围戈壁等区域排放通量相对较高。（2）在不同沙漠区域中，巴丹吉林沙漠及周边区域平均排放通量为13.1 ng·m^-2·s^-1，显著低于腾格里沙漠及周边区域的26.0 ng·m^-2·s^-1（P<0.0001）。本研究较合理地估算了沙漠及其周边地区的土壤NO_X排放通量，为深入理解沙漠生态系统对大气化学的贡献提供了科学依据，并为相关领域的后续研究奠定了基础。

关键词: 沙漠大气, 臭氧, “自上而下”法, 地气交换

Abstract:

Previous studies have demonstrated that notable amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO_X) are emitted from desert surfaces, and these emissions likely play a crucial role in the atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle within the desert regions. However, quantitative assessments of NO_X emissions in these regions are scarce, which limits our understanding of the environmental consequences thereof. This study aimed to quantify the soil NO_X emission fluxes in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China to provide a basis for understanding the ecological benefits of desert NO_X emissions. Based on the law of conservation of mass, we utilized NO₂ vertical column density (NO₂VCD) data from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite for the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China. The study quantified the soil NO_X emission fluxes by subtracting the effects of atmospheric horizontal transport, diffusion, chemical transformation, deposition, and anthropogenic emissions of regional NO_X. The results revealed the following: (1) The mean soil NO_X emission flux in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China is 17.6 ng·m^-2·s^-1, ranging from 0 to 85 ng·m^-2·s^-1. Lower emission fluxes were predominantly observed in the central regions of the desert, whereas the Gobi surrounding the desert exhibited higher emission fluxes. (2) Among the different desert areas studied, the Badain Jaran Desert and surrounding areas have a mean emission flux of 13.1 ng·m^-2·s^-1, which is significantly lower than the 26.0 ng·m^-2·s^-1 emission flux observed in the Tengger Desert and surrounding areas (P<0.0001). This study provides a robust estimation of the soil NO_X emission fluxes in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China, thereby enhancing our understanding of how desert ecosystems contribute to atmospheric chemistry and laying a solid foundation for future research in desert atmospheric chemistry.

Key words: desert air, ozone, top-down approach, surface-atmosphere exchange

周飞, 王长燕, 王芳, 吴巧丽, 苏小莉, 张代洲, 吴枫. 中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NO_x排放通量的估算[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 820-828.

ZHOU Fei, WANG Changyan, WANG Fang, WU Qiaoli, SU Xiaoli, ZHANG Daizhou, WU Feng. Estimation of soil NO_X emissions in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 820-828.

图/表 5

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参考文献 46

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区域		整个区域	沙地	戈壁	草地	盐碱地
巴丹吉林沙漠及周边区域	平均值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	13.1	11.2	15.6	16.2	20.3
	最大值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	51.6	47.5	51.6	49.8	45.2
	最小值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	7.2
腾格里沙漠及周边区域	平均值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	26.0	25.1	35.4	23.7	27.5
	最大值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	84.5	84.5	79.1	50.3	60.2
	最小值/（ng·m^-2·s^-1）	0.4	0.7	4.2	0.4	1.9

生态系统	变化范围/（ng N·m^-2·s^-1）	平均值/（ng N·m^-2·s^-1）	文献
沙漠及其周边区域
中国北部	0~29.2	6.0	本研究
莫哈维沙漠	干土：0~5.5 湿土：0~160.0	-	McCalley和Sparks（2009）^[12]
莫哈维沙漠	干土：0~5.5 湿土：0~160.0	-	McCalley和Sparks（2009）^[12]
奇瓦瓦沙漠	干土：0~0.3 湿土：0.3~97.0	-	Hartley和Schlesinger（2000）^[11]
奇瓦瓦沙漠	干土：0~0.3 湿土：0.3~97.0	-	Hartley和Schlesinger（2000）^[11]
森林
温带森林	0~0.6	0.3	Davidson和Kingerlee（1997）^[16]
热带森林	0.1~1.4	0.6
草地
温带草原	0~5.7	3.8
热带稀树草原	0.3~32.0	9.8

中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NO_x排放通量的估算

Estimation of soil NO_X emissions in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China

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中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NOx排放通量的估算

Estimation of soil NOX emissions in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China

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中国北部沙漠及周边地区土壤NO_x排放通量的估算

Estimation of soil NO_X emissions in the deserts and surrounding areas of Northern China