添加膨润土对风蚀沙化土壤理化性质及植被生长的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 456-466.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.06 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250306

添加膨润土对风蚀沙化土壤理化性质及植被生长的影响

刘全渝¹^,²(), 李从娟²(), 李桂真¹

1.新疆农业大学草业学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室，国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2024-12-03 修回日期:2024-12-24 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-17
通讯作者: 李从娟. E-mail: licj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:刘全渝（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事荒漠化治理与生态恢复研究. E-mail: liuquanyu@xjnydx.wecom.work
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B03030);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山创新团队”(2024D14014);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”(2022TSYCCX0004);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”(2022TSYCJC0005)

Effects of addition of the bentonite on the physicochemical properties and vegetation growth of wind-eroded sandy soil

LIU Quanyu¹^,²(), LI Congjuan²(), LI Guizhen¹

1. College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, National Engineering Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-12-03 Revised:2024-12-24 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙漠化是当今世界面临的严峻生态和环境问题，严重制约区域经济和生态环境的可持续发展。近些年，黏土矿物被广泛用于风沙土改良中，膨润土以其独特的2:1层状结构使其在风沙土的改良方面有较好的应用前景。本文通过不同配比膨润土[未添加膨润土（B0）、2%膨润土添加（B2）、4%膨润土添加（B4）]研究其对风蚀沙化土壤理化性质及植被生长的影响。结果表明：（1）膨润土添加增加了土壤粉黏粒含量，提高了风沙土的保水和持水能力（12%~88%）。（2） B2和B4膨润土添加的风沙土抗剪强度较B0处理分别增加了150%和205%。（3）膨润土的添加能使沙地表面形成结皮，这有利于流沙的固持。（4）其中B4膨润土添加的风沙土显著提高了植物的盖度、生物量和株高，分别增加了32%~33%、56%~85%和71%~107%。综上，膨润土的添加不仅提高了沙地持水能力，改善了土壤物理性质和流沙表面的固定，而且促进了植物的生长。

关键词: 沙地改良, 土壤保水, 土壤抗剪切强度, 固沙作用

Abstract:

Desertification is a serious environmental problem globally, severely restricting the sustainable development of regional economies. In recent years, clay minerals have been widely used for improving wind-eroded and sandy soil, and bentonite with its unique 2:1 layered structure has particularly good prospects for application in the improvement of wind-eroded and sandy soil. In this study, the effects of different proportions of bentonite [without bentonite addition (B0), 2% bentonite addition (B2), and 4% bentonite addition (B4)] on the physical and chemical properties of wind-eroded and desertified soil and plant growth were studied. The results showed the following: (1) Bentonite addition increased the content of fine-grained soil and improved the soil’s water retention and water holding capacity (12%-88%). (2) The shear strength of wind-eroded and sandy soil supplemented with B2 and B4 bentonite was increased by 150% and 205%, respectively, compared with that upon B0 treatment. (3) Bentonite addition can lead to crust formation on the sandy surface, which is beneficial for sand fixation. (4) Among the treatments, B4 bentonite addition significantly increased plant coverage, biomass, and plant height by 32%-33%, 56%-85%, and 71%-107%, respectively. In summary, the addition of bentonite not only improved the soil’s water retention capacity, improved the soil’s physical properties, and fixed the sandy surface, but also promoted plant growth.

Key words: sandy soil amelioration, soil moisture conservation, soil shear resistance strength, sand stabilization mechanisms

刘全渝, 李从娟, 李桂真. 添加膨润土对风蚀沙化土壤理化性质及植被生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 456-466.

LIU Quanyu, LI Congjuan, LI Guizhen. Effects of addition of the bentonite on the physicochemical properties and vegetation growth of wind-eroded sandy soil[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 456-466.

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矿物组成/%						胶质价/（mL·g^-1）	膨胀容/（mL·g^-1）	膨润值/（mL·g^-1）	吸蓝量/（mL·g^-1）
SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Na₂O	MgO	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	胶质价/（mL·g^-1）	膨胀容/（mL·g^-1）	膨润值/（mL·g^-1）	吸蓝量/（mL·g^-1）
68.3	7.1	3.5	2.7	2.5	1.1	52.0	57.0	22.0	39.7

处理	膨润土质量分数/%	管理方法
风沙地原生环境对照（CK）	0.0%	无
0%空白对照（B0）	0.0%	浇水
2%膨润土（B2）	2.0%	浇水+膨润土
4%膨润土（B4）	4.0%	浇水+膨润土

处理	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒		分型维数
处理	<2/μm	2~50/μm	50~100/μm	100~250/μm	分型维数
B0	1.9±0.1b	80.6±1.5a	17.0±1.5a	0.5±0.1a	2.0±0.3a
B2	3.1±0.7a	80.2±0.5a	16.2±1.1a	0.5±0.1a	2.1±0.6a
B4	3.1±0.5ab	79.2±2.7a	16.8±2.3a	0.9±0.8a	2.1±0.5a

添加膨润土对风蚀沙化土壤理化性质及植被生长的影响

Effects of addition of the bentonite on the physicochemical properties and vegetation growth of wind-eroded sandy soil

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