黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究
收稿日期: 2021-08-25
修回日期: 2022-01-13
网络出版日期: 2022-03-30
基金资助
青海省自然科学基金资助项目(2020-ZJ-906);青海省自然科学基金资助项目(2018-ZJ-781);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41572306);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42041006);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905-14);青海大学地质资源与地质工程重点学科建设项目(41250103);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R62)
Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River
Received date: 2021-08-25
Revised date: 2022-01-13
Online published: 2022-03-30
为研究黄河源区高寒草地退化对土体理化性质及根-土复合体抗剪强度影响,本研究以位于黄河源区青海河南县地区高寒草地为研究对象,通过开展不同退化程度草地野外取样及室内试验,获得土体密度、含水率、颗粒级配、土壤营养元素和植物根-土复合体抗剪强度指标及变化特征。结果表明：（1） 在相同退化程度和取样深度下,南旗村试验区土体平均密度为启龙牧场的1.02~1.29倍,土体含水率表现出随着草地退化程度加剧而降低;2个试验区土壤有机质、全氮、全磷等随着草地退化程度加剧而降低。（2） 区内根-土复合体抗剪强度随草地退化程度加剧而降低,启龙牧场与南旗村试验区其上层（0~10 cm）、下层（10~20 cm）降低幅度分别为72.05%、48.77%和77.26%、81.37%;进一步研究表明,根-土复合体所含根系数量和根系干重表现出随着草地退化程度加剧呈逐渐降低,启龙牧场与南旗村试验区其上层和下层的根-土复合体所含根系数量降低幅度分别为79.28%、75.93%和92.48%、39.59%。（3） 根据WWM模型和Pearson相关性分析结果可知,根系数量和营养元素含量减少对根-土复合体抗剪强度具有显著降低作用。本研究结果对于黄河源区高寒草地合理防治草地退化,以及水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害具有实际指导意义。
杨馥铖,刘昌义,胡夏嵩,李希来,付江涛,卢海静,申紫雁,许桐,闫聪,何伟鹏 . 黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022 , 39(2) : 560 -571 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.23
This study was to exhibit the effects of alpine grassland degradation on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the shear strength of the root-soil composite system in the source region of the Yellow River. The alpine grassland in Henan County, Qinghai Province, was selected as the study site. The variation in characteristics of soil density, water content, soil nutrient element content, and shear strength of plant root-soil composite system at different stages of deterioration of grassland was obtained through laboratory experiments. The test results showed that under the same degradation status and sampling depth, the average soil density in the test area of Nanqi Village was 1.02-1.29 times that of Qilong Pasture. The soil water content showed a decreasing trend with the deterioration worsening. Soil pH value increased with increasing deterioration, and soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content decreased. As a result, the shear strength of the root-soil composite system decreased with worsening damage. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, shear strength in the upper layer (0-10 cm) and lower layer (10-20 cm) were reduced by 72.05% and 48.77%, and 77.26% and 81.37%, respectively. The amount and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system decreased gradually with grassland degradation rising. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, the root amount in the upper and lower layers decreased by 79.28%, 75.93%, and 92.48%, 39.59%, respectively. Finally, according to the WWM model and Pearson correlation analysis, the reduction of roots and nutrient element content significantly reduced the shear strength of the root-soil composite system. Therefore, the study results provide practical guiding significance for the rational prevention and control of grassland degradation, soil erosion, and shallow landslides in the source region of the Yellow River.
| [1] | 徐田伟, 赵新全, 耿远月, 等. 黄河源区生态保护与草牧业发展关键技术及优化模式[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(3):508-516. |
| [1] | [ Xu Tianwei, Zhao Xinquan, Geng Yuanyue, et al. Key technologies and optimization model for ecological protection and grass-based livestock husbandry in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(3):508-516. ] |
| [2] | 索南江才. 青海省高原高寒草场退化机理及生态重建[J]. 农业工程技术, 2017, 37(29):36. |
| [2] | [ Suonan Jiangcai. Degradation mechanism and ecological reconstruction of alpine grassland in Qinghai Province[J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2017, 37(29):36. ] |
| [3] | 辛玉春. 浅议青海天然草地退化[J]. 青海草业, 2014, 23(2):46-53. |
| [3] | [ Xin Yuchun. The degradation trend of natural grassland in Qinghai Province[J]. Qinghai Prataculture, 2014, 23(2):46-53. ] |
| [4] | Liu Jiyuan, Xu Xinliang, Shao Quanqin. Grassland degradation in the “Three-River Headwaters” region, Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2008, 18(3):259-273. |
| [5] | 李旭谦. 青海省退化草地治理与恢复的技术措施[J]. 青海科技, 2018, 25(6):34-39. |
| [5] | [ Li Xuqian. Technical measures for the management and restoration of degraded grassland in Qinghai Province[J]. Qinghai Science and Technology, 2018, 25(6):34-39. ] |
| [6] | 宋明华, 刘丽萍, 陈锦, 等. 草地生态系统生物和功能多样性及其优化管理[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(6):1179-1188. |
| [6] | [ Song Minghua, Liu Liping, Chen Jin, et al. Biology, multi-function and optimized management in grassland ecosystem[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(6):1179-1188. ] |
| [7] | 李世雄, 王玉琴, 王彦龙, 等. 黄河源区不同退化阶段高寒草甸植被特征[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2020, 50(2):27-34. |
| [7] | [ Li Shixiong, Wang Yuqin, Wang Yanlong, et al. Vegetation characteristics of alpine meadow in different degraded stages in Yellow River source region[J]. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2020, 50(2):27-34. ] |
| [8] | 李旭谦, 杜铁瑛. 青海天然草地的不同退化程度[J]. 青海草业, 2015, 24(3):49-52. |
| [8] | [ Li Xuqian, Du Tieying. Difference natural grassland degradation types in Qinghai Province[J]. Qinghai Prataculture, 2015, 24(3):49-52. ] |
| [9] | 张骞, 马丽, 张中华, 等. 青藏高寒区退化草地生态恢复: 退化现状、恢复措施、效应与展望[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(20):7441-7451. |
| [9] | [ Zhang Qian, Ma Li, Zhang Zhonghua, et al. Ecological restoration of degraded grassland in Qinghai-Tibet alpine region: Degradation status, restoration measures, effects and prospects[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(20):7441-7451. ] |
| [10] | Yang Pu, Werne Josef P, Meyers Philip A, et al. Organic matter geochemical signatures of sediments of Lake Ngoring (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau): A record of environmental and climatic changes in the source area of the Yellow River for the last 1500 years[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2020, 551:1-12. |
| [11] | Wang Rui, Dong Zhibao, Zhou Zhengchao. Different responses of vegetation to frozen ground degradation in the source region of the Yellow River from 1980 to 2018[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(4):557-571. |
| [12] | 付江涛, 李晓康, 刘昌义, 等. 基于统计理论的青海河南县地区5种草本植物根系力学特性研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2020, 28(6):1147-1159. |
| [12] | [ Fu Jiangtao, Li Xiaokang, Liu Changyi, et al. Statistics of mechanical characteristics of five herb roots standing in Henan region of Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28(6):1147-1159. ] |
| [13] | 李国荣, 李希来, 陈文婷, 等. 黄河源区退化草地水土流失规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(5):51-55, 63. |
| [13] | [ Li Guorong, Li Xilai, Chen Wenting, et al. Experimental study on soil erosion rule of degraded grassland in source area of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(5):51-55, 63. ] |
| [14] | 郝爱华, 薛娴, 彭飞, 等. 青藏高原典型草地植被退化与土壤退化研究[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(3):964-975. |
| [14] | [ Hao Aihua, Xue Xian, Peng Fei, et al. Different vegetation and soil degradation characteristics of a typical grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(3):964-975. ] |
| [15] | 张光茹, 李红琴, 杨永胜, 等. 基于主成分分析对退化高寒草甸不同恢复方式下草地质量的综合评价[J]. 中国草地学报, 2020, 42(2):76-82. |
| [15] | [ Zhang Guangru, Li Hongqin, Yang Yongsheng, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of grassland quality under different restoration methods in degraded alpine meadow based on principal component analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2020, 42(2):76-82. ] |
| [16] | 高露, 张圣微, 赵鸿彬, 等. 退化草原土壤理化性质空间异质性及其对土壤水分的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(3):607-617. |
| [16] | [ Gao Lu, Zhang Shengwei, Zhao Hongbin, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil physical and chemical properties in degraded grassland and their effect on soil moisture[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(3):607-617. ] |
| [17] | 马俊梅, 郭春秀, 肖斌, 等. 民勤黑果枸杞形态学特征与土壤因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(2):444-451. |
| [17] | [ Ma Junmei, Guo Chunxiu, Xiao Bin, et al. Relationship between morphological characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum and soil factors in Minqin, Gansu, Northwest China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(2):444-451. ] |
| [18] | Yuan Ziqiang, Jiang Xiaojin, Liu Guojun, et al. Responses of soil organic carbon and nutrient stocks to human-induced grassland degradation in a Tibetan alpine meadow[J]. Catena, 2019, 178:40-48. |
| [19] | Liu Chenli, Li Wenlong, Xu Jing, et al. Response of soil nutrients and stoichiometry to grazing management in alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2021, 206:1-10. |
| [20] | Ma Li, Wang Qing, Shen Songtao. Response of soil aggregate stability and distribution of organic carbon to alpine grassland degradation in Northwest Sichuan[J]. Geoderma Regional, 2020, 22:1-7. |
| [21] | Sun Jinjin, Wang Pengbin, Wang Haibo, et al. Changes in plant communities, soil characteristics, and microbial communities in alpine meadows degraded to different degrees by pika on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2021, 27:1-16. |
| [22] | 王婷, 花蕊, 楚彬, 等. 高寒草原退化对植物群落及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 草原与草坪, 2019, 39(4):65-71. |
| [22] | [ Wang Ting, Hua Rui, Chu Bin, et al. Effects of alpine steppe degradation on plant communities and soil physical and chemical properties[J]. Grassland and Turf, 2019, 39(4):65-71. ] |
| [23] | 刘昌义, 胡夏嵩, 李希来, 等. 黄河源区高寒草地根-土复合体抗剪强度与土壤营养元素分布关系[J]. 山地学报, 2020, 38(3):349-359. |
| [23] | [ Liu Changyi, Hu Xiasong, Li Xilai, et al. Relationship between shear strength of root-soil composite systems of alpine grassland and distribution of soil nutrient elements in the source region of the Yellow River, China[J]. Mountain Research, 2020, 38(3):349-359. ] |
| [24] | 周林虎, 杨幼清, 胡夏嵩, 等. 高寒矿区排土场边坡土体抗剪强度特征[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2019, 47(6):144-152. |
| [24] | [ Zhou Linhu, Yang Youqing, Hu Xiasong, et al. Shear strength characteristics of slope soil in dumping site in high-cold mining area[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2019, 47(6):144-152. ] |
| [25] | 刘昌义, 窦增宁, 胡夏嵩, 等. 黄河源区高寒草地植物组合对根-土复合体抗剪强度的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(1):43-52. |
| [25] | [ Liu Changyi, Dou Zengning, Hu Xiasong, et al. Research on the effect of plant combination types on the shear strength of the root-soil composite system of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(1):43-52. ] |
| [26] | 杨幼清, 胡夏嵩, 李希来, 等. 高寒矿区草本植物根系增强排土场边坡土体抗剪强度试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2018, 45(6):105-113. |
| [26] | [ Yang Youqing, Hu Xiasong, Li Xilai, et al. An experimental study of the soil shear strength reinforcement of a mine dump slope by herbaceous root systems in alpine regions[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2018, 45(6):105-113. ] |
| [27] | Li Guorong, Li Xilai, Chen Wenting, et al. Effects of degradation severity on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of topsoil in alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, West China[J]. Catena, 2020, 187:1-9. |
| [28] | 申紫雁, 刘昌义, 胡夏嵩, 等. 黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2):392-401. |
| [28] | [ Shen Ziyan, Liu Changyi, Hu Xiasong, et al. Relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the shear strength of root-soil composite systems at different soil depths in alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2):392-401. ] |
| [29] | 刘昌义, 胡夏嵩, 窦增宁, 等. 黄河源区高寒草地植被根-土复合体抗剪强度试验及退化程度阈值确定[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9):14-26. |
| [29] | [ Liu Changyi, Hu Xiasong, Dou Zengning, et al. Shear strength tests of the root-soil composite system of alpine grassland vegetation at different stages of degradation and the determination of thresholds in the Yellow River source region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(9):14-26. ] |
| [30] | 王伟, 郭倩, 康海军, 等. 线叶嵩草草地群落构成及种间关联分析[J]. 西北植物学报, 2015, 35(10):2096-2102. |
| [30] | [ Wang Wei, Guo Qian, Kang Haijun, et al. Community composition and interspecific association analysis of Kobresia capillifolia grassland[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2015, 35(10):2096-2102. ] |
| [31] | 才让措. 河南县林业资源保护和森林防火管理措施探讨[J]. 农业灾害研究, 2020, 10(6):173-174, 191. |
| [31] | [ Cai Rangcuo. Discussion on forest resources protection and forest fire prevention management measures in Henan County[J]. Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology, 2020, 10(6):173-174, 191. ] |
| [32] | 刘兴波, 格根图, 孙林, 等. 不同退化梯度上草甸草原植物群落养分的对应分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014, 45(9):1467-1473. |
| [32] | [ Liu Xingbo, Ge Gentu, Sun Lin, et al. Correspondence analysis of plant community nutrient content of meadow grassland on the different degradation gradient[J]. Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica, 2014, 45(9):1467-1473. ] |
| [33] | 许桐, 刘昌义, 胡夏嵩, 等. 柴达木盆地4种盐生植物根系力学特性及根-土复合体抗剪强度研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2021, 28(3):101-110. |
| [33] | [ Xu Tong, Liu Changyi, Hu Xiasong, et al. Study on the mechanical properties of roots and the shear strengths of four halophytic plants in Qaidam Basin[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 28(3):101-110. ] |
| [34] | Fredlund D G, Morgensterm N R, Widger R A. The shear strength of unsaturated soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1978, 15(3):313-321. |
| [35] | Waldron L J. The shear resistance of root permeated homogeneous sands tratified[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1977, 41(5):843-849. |
| [36] | Wu T H, Mckinnell W P, Swanston D N. Strength of tree roots and landslides on prince of Wales Island, Alaska[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1979, 16(1):19-33. |
| [37] | 徐宗恒, 黄丽苹, 杨正辉, 等. 不同根系含量对山原红壤抗剪强度的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(5):54-59, 66. |
| [37] | [ Xu Zongheng, Huang Liping, Yang Zhenghui, et al. Influence of different root contents on shear strength of mountain red earth[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 39(5):54-59, 66. ] |
| [38] | Murielle Ghestem, Guillaume Veylon, Alain Bernard, et al. Influence of plant root system morphology and architectural traits on soil shear resistance[J]. Plant & Soil, 2014, 377(1-2):43-61. |
| [39] | 潘天辉, 杜峰, 王月. 陕北黄土区护坡植物根系分布和抗剪增强分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2020, 27(3):357-363, 371. |
| [39] | [ Pan Tianhui, Du Feng, Wang Yue. Analysis of root distributions and shear strengths of slope protection plants in the loess region of northern Shaanxi[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 27(3):357-363, 371. ] |
| [40] | 李佳, 汪霞, 贾海霞, 等. 浅层滑坡多发区典型灌木根系对边坡土体抗剪强度的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(14):5117-5126. |
| [40] | [ Li Jia, Wang Xia, Jia Haixia, et al. Ecological restoration with shrub roots for slope reinforcement in a shallow landslide-prone region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(14):5117-5126. ] |
| [41] | 樊博, 林丽, 曹广民, 等. 不同演替状态下高寒草甸土壤物理性质与植物根系的相互关系[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(7):2300-2309. |
| [41] | [ Fan Bo, Lin Li, Cao Guangming, et al. Relationship between plant roots and physical soil properties in alpine meadows at different degradation stages[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(7):2300-2309. ] |
| [42] | 范燕敏, 朱进忠, 武红旗, 等. 北疆蒿类荒漠草地退化对土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2009, 40(4):917-920. |
| [42] | [ Fan Yanmin, Zhu Jinzhong, Wu Hongqi, et al. Influence of Seriphidium transillense desert grassland degradation on soil physicochemical properties in northern Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2009, 40(4):917-920. ] |
| [43] | 秦嘉海, 张勇, 赵芸晨, 等. 祁连山黑河上游不同退化草地土壤理化性质及养分和酶活性的变化规律[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(2):335-346. |
| [43] | [ Qin Jiahai, Zhang Yong, Zhao Yuncheng, et al. Soil physicochemical properties and variations of nutrients and enzyme activity in the degrading grasslands in the upper reaches of the Heihe River, Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(2):335-346. ] |
| [44] | 王婷, 张永超, 赵之重. 青藏高原退化高寒湿地植被群落结构和土壤养分变化特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4):9-18. |
| [44] | [ Wang Ting, Zhang Yongchao, Zhao Zhizhong. Characteristics of the vegetation community and soil nutrient status in a degraded alpine wetland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4):9-18. ] |
| [45] | 慕军鹏, 付荣华, 谭露. 不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤理化性质对功能群植物地上生物量的影响[J]. 草学, 2018(2):41-47. |
| [45] | [ Mu Junpeng, Fu Ronghua, Tan Lu. Effects of soil physical and chemical properties on above-ground biomass of functional groups at different degradation successional stages of alpine meadows[J]. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2018(2):41-47.] |
| [46] | 张振超. 青藏高原典型高寒草地地上-地下的退化过程和禁牧恢复效果研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2020. |
| [46] | [ Zhang Zhenchao. The Above-and Below-Ground Processes of Degradation and Restoring Efficiency of Grazing Exclusion in Typical Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2020. ] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |