冻融作用是地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的重要原因之一,了解其对土壤盐分及离子变化的影响对土壤盐渍化防治具有重要意义。为探究冻融作用下土壤盐分及离子的分布及变化规律,以太谷均衡实验站地中蒸渗仪系统为试验设备,结合野外和室内试验分析了2020—2021年冻融期内6种不同地下水埋深下土壤剖面水分、可溶性盐分及离子含量的变化特征以及冻结层在冻融过程中对土壤盐分运移的影响,并采用灰色关联法分析了土壤含盐量与离子间的关联度。结果表明：（1） 蒸渗仪土壤中以Na⁺、Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-及Cl^-为主,土壤含盐量与Na⁺和HCO₃^-极显著相关,与Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-显著相关。（2） 冻结层在整个冻融过程中对于Ca²⁺和Cl^-变化影响较小,对Na⁺,HCO₃^-,SO₄^2-及土壤总盐分变化影响较大。当冻结层全部处于最大毛细水上升高度范围内时,冻结层起积盐作用;当冻结层未处于最大毛细水上升高度范围内时,冻结层对于盐分运移起阻碍作用。（3） 土壤含盐量与地下水埋深之间呈反比关系。当地下水埋深为3.0 m时,土壤含盐量变化值远小于0.5~2.5 m埋深。该研究可为地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的防治提供理论依据。

In shallow groundwater areas, freeze-thaw is one of the most important factors affecting the soil salinization process. Determining the variation in soil salinity and different soil salinity ions during the freeze-thaw process is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil salinization in seasonal freeze-thaw areas. A ground lysimeter system located on Taigu Water Balance Experimental Field was used to examine soil salinity and soil salinity ions. The ground lysimeter system had six different groundwater depths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 m, and 3.0 m) and the soil water content, soluble soil salinity content, and content of soluble soil salinity irons were analyzed during the freeze-thaw period from 2020 to 2021. Correlations between the soil salt content and five salinity ions were analyzed using the Gray correlation method. The results showed that the soluble salinity ions in the soil mainly consisted of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, and Cl^-. The correlation analysis revealed that the soil salt content of soil was highly significantly correlated with Na⁺ and HCO₃^-, and significantly correlated with Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-. The position of the frozen layer had a strong influence on changes in Na⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, and soil salt content throughout the freeze-thaw process; however, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- were less affected by the frozen layer. When the entire frozen layer was within the maximum capillary water rise height, salt accumulation in the frozen layer was obvious. However, the frozen layer acted as an obstruction when it was not within the maximum capillary water rise height. There was an inverse relationship between the groundwater depth and soil salt content. When the depth of groundwater was 3.0 m, the change in soil salt content was much lower than that at groundwater depths of 0.5-2.5 m. These results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil salinization in shallow groundwater areas.