在无资料地区,降水、气温等观测资料缺乏,影响洪水预报的准确性,进而影响防汛抗旱、水资源规划等工作的开展。因此,研究无资料地区已有降水、气温数据的适用性分析十分必要。应用包含融雪径流模拟的HBV模型,在呼图壁河流域石门水文站以上区域,基于模拟出的融雪洪水径流与实测径流对比,分别对中国地面降水与气温日值0.5°×0.5°格点数据集和气象站观测数据集进行了对比分析及其融雪型径流模拟的适用性分析。结果表明：格点数据驱动下水文模型的融雪径流模拟效果总体优于利用站点观测数据驱动的水文模型。格点数据驱动下水文模型模拟融雪径流的Nash系数在验证期为0.792,站点数据驱动下水文模型模拟融雪径流的Nash系数在验证期为0.433。同时分析了呼图壁河流域融雪洪水的一些特征,并结合驱动数据的不同,分析了模拟融雪径流出现误差的可能原因,为如何提高具有融雪特征的无资料地区融雪型洪水预报准确性提供支撑。

In ungauged areas, a lack of observational data (e.g., precipitation and temperature data) can affect the accuracy of flood forecasting, which in turn affects the implementation of flood control, drought relief, and water resources planning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct applicability analysis of existing precipitation and temperature data in ungauged areas. By applying the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model, including a snowmelt runoff simulation, to the area upstream of the Shimen hydrological station in the Hutubi River Basin, and based on a comparison of simulated snowmelt flood runoff and measured runoff, a dataset including gridded daily precipitation and temperature in China and observational data from meteorological stations were analyzed and compared. The applicability of the snowmelt runoff simulation was also analyzed. Results showed that the snowmelt runoff simulation was more effective when used with the hydrological model driven by grid data than with the hydrological model driven by station observation data. The Nash coefficients of the snowmelt runoff from the hydrological model driven by grid data and the hydrological model driven by station observation data were 0.792 and 0.433, respectively, within the verification period. In addition, some characteristics of the snowmelt floods in the Hutubi River Basin were analyzed and the possible causes of errors in the simulated snowmelt runoff were also assessed based on differences in driving data. These results can help improve the accuracy of snowmelt flood forecasts in areas that lack data on snowmelt characteristics.