和田地区位于新疆西南部,气候干燥,降水稀少,地下水是和田地区重要的饮用水源,查明和田地区地下水中氟的分布及成因对人体健康具有重要意义。基于新疆和田地区2002—2018年217组浅层地下水水质检测结果,运用GIS技术、数理统计法、Gibbs图及水文地球化学模拟等方法研究和田地区浅层地下水中氟的时空分布特征及形成过程。结果表明：研究区地下水中氟的变化范围为0.05~16.95 mg·L^-1,均值为1.38 mg·L^-1,超标率高达36.1%。水平方向上高氟地下水呈小范围零星分布;垂直方向上随井深的增加氟含量呈下降趋势。随时间的增加地下水氟含量呈增加趋势。地下水中的氟与水化学环境具有一定的关系,高碱度和HCO^-₃浓度会增加氟化物在地下水中的溶解度。除水文地质条件及水化学环境外,强烈的蒸发浓缩作用、水-岩相互作用及阳离子交替吸附作用控制着地下水系统中氟的迁移和富集过程。

Hotan Prefecture is located in southwestern Xinjiang, and is characterized by a dry climate and sparse rainfall. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in this area, therefore, determining the distribution of fluorine and the causes of the presence of this element in groundwater in the area is of great significance for human health. Based on the results of a group of 217 shallow groundwater quality tests conducted in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, from 2002 to 2018, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and formation of fluoride in shallow groundwater were here studied using GIS software, mathematical statistics, Gibbs diagrams, hydrogeochemical simulations, and other methods. The results show that the variation range of fluorine in groundwater was 0.05-16.95 mg·L^-1, with an average value of 1.38 mg·L^-1, and the over-standard rate was as high as 36.1%. In terms of its spatial distribution, the high-fluorine groundwater was distributed sporadically within a small range, while vertically, the fluorine content decreased with the increase of well depth. With time, the groundwater fluorine content also showed an increasing trend, suggesting a specific relationship with the hydrochemical environment. High alkalinity and HCO^-₃ concentrations will increase the solubility of fluoride in groundwater. In addition to the primary hydrogeological conditions and hydrochemical environment, strong evaporation concentration, water-rock interactions, and cation exchange adsorption have some effects on the migration and enrichment of fluorine.