基于VSD的近20 a来浑善达克沙地生态脆弱性变化研究
收稿日期: 2021-03-16
修回日期: 2021-06-03
网络出版日期: 2021-09-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31500384);大连民族大学2020年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202012026181);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金生态学科团队资助项目
Spatio-temporal patterns variation of ecological vulnerability in Otindag Sandy Land based on a vulnerability scoping diagram
Received date: 2021-03-16
Revised date: 2021-06-03
Online published: 2021-09-24
如何协调区域社会经济和人口、资源环境发展,已成为生态环境建设面临的紧迫任务,识别特定地区的脆弱性则是实现有效生态系统管理的前提。以京津风沙源——浑善达克沙地为研究区,采用“暴露-敏感-适应”(VSD)模型建立评价指标体系,结合Moran’s I指数与主成分分析,对2000—2019年该沙地生态脆弱性进行评价和驱动机制分析。结果表明:浑善达克沙地生态脆弱性20 a间呈现增加的趋势;其生态脆弱性空间上呈集聚现象,表现为西部高-高聚集、东部低-低聚集的分布格局,且具有明显的空间相关性;生态脆弱性的时空分布的异质性是由不同程度的人类活动与气候因素的叠加效应造成的。该研究为浑善达克沙地的生态建设和生态恢复提供理论依据,并提出因地制宜的治理建议和措施。
陈臻琦,张靖,张贻龙,刘睿 . 基于VSD的近20 a来浑善达克沙地生态脆弱性变化研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021 , 38(5) : 1464 -1473 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.29
The question of how to coordinate social and economic development, population growth, resource consumption, and environmental protection has become an urgent topic for regional sustainability development. Identifying the ecological vulnerability (EV) of specific areas is the precondition to achieving effective ecosystem management for sustainability. However, the driving forces of EV, including climate change, environmental protection policies, and land use, may change over a long period of time, affecting the spatio-temporal patterns of EV. Taking Otindag Sandy Land as the research area, we used the “Vulnerability Scoping Diagram” framework to establish the evaluation index system. Using Moran’s I index and principal component analysis (PCA), we evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of EV of this sandy land, and we also analyzed its driving mechanism from 2000 to 2019. The findings revealed that: (1) the EV of Otindag Sandy Land has exhibited an increasing trend over the past two decades; (2) the EV of this area presents an agglomeration distribution pattern with obvious spatial auto-correlation on spatial extent, in which the high-high cluster of EV is distributed in the western region, and the low-low cluster of EV is located in the eastern region; (3) the heterogeneity of the temporal and spatial distribution of EV is due to the synergistic effect of human activities and climate factors at different levels. According to the factor loadings matrix of PCA, after 2010 or 2015, the influence of indicators such as the population density, the number of livestock, and the per capita grassland area on the EV of this region has either weakened or been restrained by the implementation of ecological restoration projects and ecological policies. Meanwhile climate factors have gradually highlighted the leading role in driving EV in this region. This study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological construction and ecological restoration of Otindag Sandy Land, and puts forward some suggestions and measures for ecosystem management. At the regional level, from the perspective of future spatial planning, the EV in the eastern part of Otindag Sandy Land is mild to moderate, and ecological management measures should focus on harmonizing rational utilization of grassland resources with ecological protection. Meanwhile, the EV in the central and western regions of this area is severe to extreme, and it is thus necessary to strengthen ecological restoration projects and ecological migration to reduce grazing pressure on sandy land. At the local level, while comprehensively considering the demographic factors, pasture size, and grassland quality of herdsmen households, we should optimize grassland property rights and coordinate the interests of herdsmen with the goal of ecological conservation to achieve the fine administrative management “one household, one eco-management measures”.
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