应用气候

和田地区沙尘暴时间分布及变化特征

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  • 1. 和田地区气象局,新疆 和田 848000
    2. 新疆气象局遥感中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3. 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
买买提阿布都拉·依米尔(1979-),男,维吾尔族,高级工程师,主要从事短时临近天气预报和沙尘暴预报预警指标研究工作. E-mail: htmmt@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-12-10

  修回日期: 2021-04-08

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-24

基金资助

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2017D01A08)

Temporal distribution and variation characteristics of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture

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  • 1. Hotan Meteorological Bureau, Hotan 848000, Xinjiang, China
    2. Remote Sensing Center of Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    3. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2020-12-10

  Revised date: 2021-04-08

  Online published: 2021-09-24

摘要

采用4个气象站1961—2018年的沙尘暴监测资料,分析了和田地区沙尘暴频次和持续时间的分布特征和变化趋势,并探讨了沙尘暴长时间变化原因。结果表明:(1) 和田地区年平均沙尘暴日数20.4 d,是我国沙尘暴最多的地区之一。(2) 和田地区在春夏季沙尘暴频次最多,峰值在5月;冬季12月的沙尘暴过程持续时间最长,夏季6月的持续时间最短;持续时间在1~30 min的沙尘暴频率最多。(3) 和田地区24 h都有可能出现沙尘暴,在18:00—23:00出现沙尘暴频次最多,后半夜至上午开始的沙尘暴持续时间最长。(4) 和田地区在16个风向方位都会出现沙尘暴,来自西方路径沙尘暴的风速和频率大(多)于其余路径沙尘暴。(5) 在和田地区,最大风速达3.0 m·s-1就可能会引发沙尘暴,有87.5%的沙尘暴发生时极大风速未达到大风标准。(6) 近58 a来,和田地区的年沙尘暴日数显著减少,年大风日数和最大风速也显著减少;沙尘暴频次20世纪60年代最多,从90年代开始明显减少,沙尘暴过程持续时间20世纪70—80年代最长,从21世纪00年代开始明显缩短。

本文引用格式

买买提阿布都拉·依米尔,阿依夏木古丽·买买提,沙依然·外力,陈天宇,布帕提曼·艾拜都拉,阿依夏木·买买提托合提,毛炜峄 . 和田地区沙尘暴时间分布及变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021 , 38(5) : 1306 -1317 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.12

Abstract

Using the sandstorm monitoring data of four weather stations from 1961 to 2018, we have analyzed the temporal distribution characteristics and variation trend of sandstorm frequency and duration in Hotan. We also discuss the causes of long-term variation in sandstorms. Our chief findings reveal that Hotan has one of the highest occurrences of sandstorms in China, at 20.4 days per year. The frequency is highest in spring and summer, and the peak is in May. The sandstorms in December are the longest in duration, and those in June are the shortest. The sandstorms that occur most often are those lasting for 1-30 min. Although sandstorms in Hotan might occur at any time of the day, we found that most appeared between 18:00 and 23:00, and those that occurred in the middle of the midnight to morning lasted the longest. In the Hotan region, sandstorms can appear from 16 different wind directions; the wind speed and frequency of sandstorms coming from the western path are higher than are those from the other paths. And those sandstorms in the study region can be caused by the wind which was at the maximum average speed of 3.0 m·s-1, and 87.5% of the storms occurred while the wind has not reach the standard. Over the last 58 years, the number of annual sandstorm days, the number of annual gale days, and the annual average maximum wind speed in Hotan have decreased significantly. Sandstorm frequency peaked in the 1960s and has decreased sharply since the 1990s. The durations of the sandstorms in the 1970s-1980s were the longest during the past century; the durations have shortened significantly since the 2000s. The decline in the frequency of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture is related to the decreasing local gale frequency, the weakening of the daily maximum wind speed, and the improvement of the vegetation cover.

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