覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留量对棉花生长的影响
收稿日期: 2020-05-06
修回日期: 2020-12-01
网络出版日期: 2021-04-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(51869028);兵团重点领域创新团队资助(2019CB004)
Effect of film mulching residue on cotton growth in drip irrigation cotton field
Received date: 2020-05-06
Revised date: 2020-12-01
Online published: 2021-04-25
为了阐明覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留对棉花生长的影响,结合绿洲覆膜滴灌棉田残膜累积特点,设计对应覆膜年限为5 a、10 a、15 a、20 a、25 a、30 a共6个不同残膜累积梯度,利用桶栽试验,分析了不同覆膜年限棉田中残膜累积对棉花生长和产量的影响。结果表明：残膜对棉花地上部株高和叶面积影响显著,随残膜量的增加株高和叶面积逐渐降低,当覆膜滴灌20 a时各时期株高和叶面积均显著减小。覆膜滴灌20 a时残膜量的增加开始显著降低棉花地下部根系指标,与CK相比,覆膜滴灌20 a的根长密度降低8.2%,根表面积密度降低10%,根体积降低7.2%,根系直径降低19.4%。残膜量与棉花干物质积累量和产量呈显著负相关,覆膜滴灌20 a后相比于CK,地上部干物质量降低20.3%,根部干物质量降低38.4%;棉花产量相比新疆近5 a地区平均单位面积产量降低10.96%。残膜量的增加对棉花的正常生长影响显著,当覆膜滴灌年限达到15~20 a时,棉花的生长与根系指标和产量显著降低。研究结果可为新疆滴灌棉田可持续发展提供理论依据。
朱金儒,李文昊,王振华,宗睿,王天宇 . 覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留量对棉花生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021 , 38(2) : 570 -579 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.29
To clarify the influence of film residue on cotton growth in a field with film mulching under drip irrigation, we assessed the characteristics of residual film accumulation in an oasis drip irrigation cotton field. The design corresponds to 5 a, 10 a, 15 a, 20 a, 25 a, 30 a; a gradient of six residual film accumulations using a barrel-planting experiment. We analyzed the influence of residual film accumulation in cotton fields with different mulching years on cotton growth and yield. The residual film significantly affected cotton plant height and leaf area, which gradually decreased as the residual film amount increased. The plant height and leaf area were significantly reduced at each stage when the film was covered with drip irrigation for 20 years. Additionally, increases in the amount of residual film in drip irrigation for 20 years significantly reduced the cotton root index. Compared with the control treatment without residual film, the root length density in drip irrigation 20 a was reduced by 8.2%, the root surface area density was reduced by 10%, the root volume was reduced by 7.2%, and the root diameter decreased by 19.4%. The amount of residual film was significantly negatively correlated with cotton dry matter accumulation and yield. After 15 years of drip irrigation with film mulching, the cotton yield was lower than the average yield per unit area in Xinjiang in the past five years. After 20 years of drip irrigation with film mulching, the above-ground dry matter quality decreased by 20.3%, the root dry matter quality was reduced by 38.4%, and the output was 10.96% lower than the average output per unit area in Xinjiang in the past five years. In summary, increased amounts of residual film significantly impact the normal growth of cotton. When drip irrigation with film mulching continues for 15-20 years, yield, growth, and root indices of cotton are significantly reduced. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of drip irrigation cotton fields in Xinjiang.
Key words： mulch drip irrigation; residual film; cotton; root system; yield
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