行星边界层参数化方案（PBL）对天气气候和大气环境的模拟与预报具有重要影响。通过基于单柱模式（SCM）的乌鲁木齐单点理想实验,以及新疆2019年8月15—18日的一次降水天气过程的模拟检验及诊断分析,研究了YSU、ACM2、BOULAC、GBM、MYJ和QNSE 6种常用的PBL参数化方案模拟的大气比湿、位温等气象要素响应土壤湿度变化的特征。结果表明：土壤湿度增加时,使用不同PBL参数化方案模拟的低层大气都呈现出比湿增加、位温降低、边界层高度降低的显著特征;GBM、ACM2中,垂直水汽输送效率较低,大气比湿较低、位温较高、湍涡作用范围较大,降水偏漏报;QNSE、MYJ中,垂直水汽输送效率较高,大气比湿较高、位温较低,湍涡作用范围较小,降水偏空报;QNSE、MYJ模拟的2 m比湿最大;ACM2模拟的2 m比湿最小;夜间QNSE模拟的2 m温度最低;白天MYJ模拟的2 m温度最高;QNSE、MYJ模拟的10 m风速最高。这些模拟特征与PBL方案水汽垂直输送效率的差异密切相关。

Planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization has significant impacts on the simulation and prediction of climate, weather, and environmental air quality. Here, ideal experiments were conducted using the single-column model to study the response characteristics of specific humidity and potential temperatures on soil moisture under different PBL parameterizations. A heavy precipitation synoptic process in Xinjiang from 15th-18th August 2019 was simulated and verified with six PBL parameterizations, including YSU, ACM2, BOULAC, GBM, MYJ, and QNSE. As the soil moisture increases, the simulated atmospheric boundary layer presents significant characteristics, namely, increasing specific humidity, decreasing potential temperatures, and decreasing boundary layer height. In GBM and ACM2 cases, the vertical water vapor transport efficiency was low, atmospheric specific humidity was also low, the potential temperature was high, eddy action scope was large, and precipitation was underestimated. In QNSE and MYJ cases, the vertical water vapor transport efficiency was high, atmospheric specific humidity was high, the potential temperature was low, eddy action scope was small, and precipitation was overestimated. The maximum 2 m specific humidity was achieved using QNSE and MYJ, while the minimum 2 m specific humidity was by ACM2. The lowest 2 m temperature was achieved at nighttime using QNSE, while the highest 2 m temperature was at daytime using MYJ. The highest 10 m wind speed was achieved using QNSE and MYJ. These simulating characters are closely related to the differences in the vertical water vapor transport efficiency of the different PBL parameterizations.