干旱区研究

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2020 , Vol. 37 >Issue 5: 1183 - 1193

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.11

新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤 CO2、CH4和N2O 排放研究

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  • （1. 新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，新疆乌鲁木齐830054；2. 新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室“新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室”，新疆乌鲁木齐830054；3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京100101；4. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京100190）
王顺科（1997-），男，主要研究方向为干旱区湖泊湿地温室气体排放. E-mail: 1072013489@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-06-16

  修回日期: 2020-07-17

  网络出版日期: 2020-12-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41561104）资助

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Study on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from reed wetlands in typical freshwater lake and saltwater lake in Xinjiang

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  • (1. College of Geographic Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal Univeristy, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resource in Arid Area, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China; 3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 4. College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Received date: 2020-06-16

  Revised date: 2020-07-17

  Online published: 2020-12-16

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摘要

为研究新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤温室气体排放差异，以中国第一大内陆淡水湖博斯腾湖和新疆第一大咸水湖艾比湖为研究对象，采用静态箱-气相色谱法，利用2016年12月至2017年11月所监测的数据进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）通过分析观测期内日排放均值发现，淡水湖CO2排放趋势呈单峰曲线、相邻时间点CH4排放趋势不明显，CO2、CH4排放均值曲线均高于咸水湖。淡水湖和咸水湖N2O分别在9:00—13:00，17:00—21:00排放差异不明显，排放峰值分别出现在17:00和13:00。（2）淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤CO2、CH4、N2O季节变化均呈单峰曲线趋势，温室气体排放峰值主要集中在夏季，咸水湖N2O排放峰值出现在秋季，淡水湖和咸水湖CO2、N2O排放量差异性不显著（P>0.05），两湖CH4排放量差异性显著（P<0.05）。（3）湖泊湿地在冬季储存大量温室气体，博斯腾湖CO2、CH4和N2O在春季融解的排放量占全年总累计排放量的22%、30%和12%，艾比湖占40%、0.8%和47%。（4）土壤温度、土壤含水量和土壤有机质对艾比湖CO2排放量的促进作用较弱。pH对博斯腾湖N2O排放起到抑制作用，土壤盐分对艾比湖CO2和博斯腾湖CH4排放的抑制作用较强。（5）干旱区湖泊芦苇湿地土壤全球增温潜势表现为：淡水湖＞咸水湖，淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地在百年尺度上对全球变暖均有促进作用。

关键词： 博斯腾湖; 艾比湖; 温室气体; 冻融; 全球增温潜势

本文引用格式

王顺科, 李艳红, 李发东, 王金龙 . 新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤 CO2、CH4和N2O 排放研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020 , 37(5) : 1183 -1193 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.11

Abstract

We compare and analyze the monitoring data of Bosten Lake, China’s largest inland freshwater lake, and Ebinur, Xinjiang’s largest saltwater lake, from December 2016 to November 2017, using static chamber gas chromatography, researching the difference of soil greenhouse gas emissions between typical freshwater lake and saltwater lake reed wetlands in Xinjiang. It showed that (1) by analyzing the average daily emissions during the observation period, it is found that the CO2 emission trend of the freshwater lake shows a single peak curve, and the CH4 emission trends at the adjacent time points are not prominent. The N2O of freshwater lake and saltwater lake are between 9 o’clock and 13 o’clock, and the differences in emissions between 17:00 and 21:00 were not obvious. (2) The seasonal changes of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O in the freshwater lake and saltwater lake reed wetlands showed a single peak curve trend. The peak of greenhouse gas emissions was mainly concentrated in summer. The peak of saltwater lake N2O emissions appeared in autumn. There were no significant differences in CO2 and N2O emissions between the freshwater lake and the saltwater lake (P>0.05), The difference of CH4 emissions between the two lakes is significant (P<0.05). (3) Lake wetlands store large amounts of greenhouse gases in winter. The release of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Bosten Lake in the spring melt accounts for 22%, 30%, and 12% of the total cumulative emissions for the year, and Lake Ebinur accounted for 40%, 0.8%, and 47%. (4) The effects of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil organic matter on the CO2 emissions of the saltwater lake were weak. pH inhibited N2O emissions from Bosten Lake, and soil salinity had a strong inhibitory effect on CO2 and CH4 emissions from Ebinur. (5) The global warming potential of lake reed wetland soil in arid areas was as follows: freshwater lake > saltwater lake. Both the freshwater lake and the saltwater lake reed wetlands contribute to global warming on the centennial scale.

Key words： Bosten Lake; Ebinur Lake; greenhouse gases; freeze-thaw; global warming potential

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