覆膜滴灌对温室番茄土壤理化性状及其生物学特性的影响

展开
  • (1. 山西财经大学资源环境学院,山西 太原 030006;2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100; 3. 山西财经大学公共管理学院,山西 太原 030006;4. 陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,陕西 西安 710119; 5. 中国科学院,水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100)
王京伟(1982-),男,博士,研究方向为水土资源高效利用. E-mail:wjwlssks@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-09-27

  修回日期: 2019-12-06

  网络出版日期: 2020-10-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(51679205);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202)资助

Effects of film-mulched drip irrigation on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of tomato soil in a greenhouse

Expand
  • (1. School of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 3. School of Public Administration,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; 4. Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, Shaanxi, China; 5. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

Received date: 2019-09-27

  Revised date: 2019-12-06

  Online published: 2020-10-18

Supported by

 

摘要

为探明覆膜滴灌条件下,作物根区土壤水、盐运移规律及其对“土壤-微生物及酶-根系”交互作用的影响,进一步提高水肥利用效率和完善精确灌溉制度,本文以温室番茄为研究对象,采用Field TDR 200对根区土壤水盐运移进行动态监测,研究常规滴灌和覆膜滴灌对水盐运移、根系、土壤微生物及酶活性的影响,分析根区土壤环境因子、土壤微生物及酶、根长密度的交互作用。结果表明:覆膜滴灌土壤水分迁移速率显著低于常规滴灌,水分分布相对均匀,且测定范围内土壤含水率≥灌水下限(22%)土壤面积为常规滴灌5倍(P<0.05);局部盐分聚集速率减小 50%,降低局部盐分聚集度;显著提高土壤温度和降低土壤 pH;根区表层土壤根长密度为常规滴灌的 12.8~28.5 倍。这些环境因子的改变,进一步增强“土壤-微生物及酶-根系”交互作用,土壤脲酶活性提高 20.83%~30.61%,磷酸酶活性提高76.92%~84.61%。因此,覆膜滴灌比常规滴灌更具水土资源利用效率提升潜力,相关农艺措施需进一步精细和完善,这可为提高干旱区设施农业水土资源利用效率提供支持。

本文引用格式

王京伟, 王磊元, 李 元, 牛文全 . 覆膜滴灌对温室番茄土壤理化性状及其生物学特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020 , 37(4) : 870 -880 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.04.07

Abstract

To investigate the laws of soil water and salt transport in a crop root zone as well as their effects on soil-microorganism and enzyme-root interactions under film-mulched drip irrigation(FDI), and to further enhance the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization and improve the precision of the irrigation system, a field experiment in a greenhouse was carried out. Tomatoes were taken as the research object and a method of dynamic monitoring in continuous irrigation cycles was used. The effects of conventional drip irrigation(CDI)and FDI on dynamic changes in soil moisture and salt in the tomato root zone, as well as on tomato root growth, soil microorganisms, and enzymes were studied. Further, the interactions among soil environmental factors, soil microorganisms, enzymes, and root growth were analyzed. The results showed that:(1)Compared with CDI, the soil water transfer rate under FDI was significantly lower, the soil water distribution was relatively uniform, and the soil area in which the lower limit of soil moisture content(22%)was maintained within the determination range was five times that under CDI(P < 0.05).(2)The local salt accumulation rate decreased by 50% and the degree of local salt accumulation decreased under FDI compared with CDI.(3)The root zone soil temperature and pH were significantly increased and decreased by FDI, respectively.(4)The root length density in the surface soil under FDI was 12.8-28.5 times that under CDI. These changes created by FDI further strengthened soil-microorganism and enzyme-root interactions and improved soil urease activity by 20.83%-30.61% and soil phosphatase activity by 76.92%-84.61% compared with CDI. Therefore, compared with CDI, FDI has greater potential to improve the utilization efficiency of water and soil resources. However, relevant agronomic measures of FDI need to be further refined and improved to provide references for further improving water and soil utilization efficiency

参考文献

[1] Venot J P, Zwarteveen M, Kuper M, et al. Beyond the promises of technology:A review of the discourses and actors who make drip irrigation[J]. Irrigation and Drainage, 2014, 63(2):186-194. [2] Skaggs T H, Trout T J, Rothfuss Y. Drip irrigation water distribution patterns:Effects of emitter rate, pulsing, and antecedent water[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2010, 74(6): 1886-1896. [3] Liu S, Kang Y, Wan S, et al. Water and salt regulation and its effects on Leymus chinensis growth under drip irrigation in saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain[J]. Agricultural water management, 2011, 98(9):1469-1476. [4] Hanson B R, Šimůnek J, Hopmans J W. Evaluation of urea-ammonium-nitrate fertigation with drip irrigation using numerical modeling[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2006, 86(1-2): 102-113. [5] Sun J, Kang Y, Wan S, et al. Soil salinity management with drip irrigation and its effects on soil hydraulic properties in north China coastal saline soils[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2012, 115:10-19. [6] Mmolawa K, Or D. Root zone solute dynamics under drip irrigation:A review[J]. Plant and Soil, 2000, 222(1-2):163-190. [7] Ramakrishna A, Tam H M, Wani S P, et al. Effect of mulch on soil temperature, moisture, weed infestation and yield of ground-nut in northern vietnam[J]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 95(23)115-125. [8] Phogat V, Mahadevan M, Skewes M, et al. Modelling soil water and salt dynamics under pulsed and continuous surface drip irrigation of almond and implications of system design[J]. Irrigation Science, 2012, 30(4):315-333. [9] Muhr J, Franke J, Borken W. Drying-rewetting events reduce C and N losses from a Norway spruce forest floor[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010, 42:1303-1312. [10] Nihorimbere V, Ongena M, Smargiassi M, et al. Beneficial effect of the rhizosphere microbial community for plant growth and health[J]. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 2011, 15:327-337. [11] Yao X, Min H, Lyu Z, et al. Influence of acetamiprid on soil enzymatic activities and respiration[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2006, 42(2):120-126. [12] Badiane N N Y, Chotte J L, Patea E, et al. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18: 229-238. [13] Bendinga G D, Turnera M K, Rayns F, et al. Microbial and biochemical soil Quality indicators and their potential for differentiating area sunder contrasting agricultural management regimes [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004, 36:1785-1792. [14] Hamilton E W, Frank D A. Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient supply? Evidence from a grazing tolerantgrass[J]. Ecology, 2001, 82:2397-2402. [15] Girvan M S, Bullimore J, Pretty J N, et al. Soil type is the primary determinant of the composition of the total and active bacterial communities in arable soils[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2003, 69:1800-809. [16] Rousk J, Baath E, Brookes P C, et al. Soil bacterial and fungal communities across a pH gradient in an arable soil[J]. The ISME Journal, 2010, 4:1340-351. [17] Frey S D, Knorr M, Parrent J L, et al. Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2004, 196:159-171. [18] Chaparro J M, Sheflin A M, Manter D K, et al. Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(5):489-499. [19]孙池涛, 张俊鹏, 张谦, 等. 起垄沟播和常规平播下滴灌棉田土 壤水盐的运移[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(2):42-48.[Sun Chitao, Zhang Junpeng, Zhang Qian, et al. Soil water and salt migration in cotton field in ridge furrow planting and conventional flat planting under drip irrigation[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36 (2):307-313.] [20] Skaggs T H, Trout T J, Rothfuss Y. Drip irrigation water distribution patterns:effects of emitter rate, pulsing, and antecedent water[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2010, 74(6): 1886-1896. [21] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京:农业出版社, 1986. [Guan Songyin. Soil Enzymology and its Research Methods [M]. Beijing:Agricultural Press, 1986.] [22]张建兵, 杨劲松, 姚荣江, 等. 有机肥与覆盖方式对滩涂围垦农 田水盐与作物产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(15): 116-125.[Zhang Jianbing, Yang Jinsong, Yao Rongjiang, et al. Dynamics of soil water, salt and crop growth under farmyard manure andmulching in coastal tidal flat soil of northern Jiangsu Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(15):116-125.] [23]孙贯芳, 屈忠义, 杜斌, 等. 不同灌溉制度下河套灌区玉米膜下 滴灌水热盐运移规律[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(12): 152-160.[Sun Guanfang, Qu Zhongyi, Du Bin, et al. Water-heat-salt effects of mulched drip irrigation maize with different irrigation scheduling in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(12):152-160.] [24]戚迎龙, 史海滨, 李瑞平, 等. 滴灌水肥一体化条件下覆膜对玉 米生长及土壤水肥热的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(5): 99-110.[Qi Yinglong, Shi Haibin, Li Ruiping, et al. Effects of film mulching on maize growth and soil water, fertilizer and heat under fertigation of drip irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(5):99-110.] [25]吴友杰. 基于稳定同位素的覆膜灌溉农田SPAC水分传输机制 与模拟[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2017.[Wu Youjie. Water Transfer Mechanism and Simulation of SPAC in Irrigated and Film-mulching Farmland based on Stable Isotope[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2017.] [26] 周和平, 王少丽, 吴旭春. 膜下滴灌微区环境对土壤水盐运移 的影响[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(6):816-824.[Zhou Heping, Wang Shaoli, Wu Xuchun. Micro drip irrigation district environmental impact on soil water and salt transport[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6):816-824.] [27] Kitano M, Urayama K, Sakata Y, et al. Water and salt movement in soil driven by crop roots:A controlled column study[J]. Biologia, 2009, 64(3):474-477. [28] Rengasamy P. Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils[J]. Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37(7):613-620. [29] Murtaza B, Murtaza G, Ziaurrehman M, et al. Reclamation of salt-affected soils using amendments and growing wheat crop. [J]. Soil in the Environment, 2011, 30(2):130-136. [30] Miller E K, Blum J D, Friedland A J. Determination of soil exchangeable-cation loss and weathering rates using Sr isotopes [J]. Nature, 1993, 362(6419):438-441. [31]李文. 灌溉方式对设施土壤微生物学特性的影响[D]. 沈阳:沈 阳农业大学, 2017.[Li Wen. Impact of Irrigation Management on Greenhouse Soil Microbial Characteristics[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2017.] [32] Kaymak H C. Plant growth and health promoting bacteria. In: Maheshwari DK(ed)Microbiology Monographs[D]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011, 18:45-79. [33] Potvin W C. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:importance of species evenness in an old field[J]. Ecology, 2000, 81 (4):887-892. [34]张星. 日光温室滴灌水热调控对土壤氮素动态和酶活性及白菜 生长的影响[D]. 北京:中国水利水电科学研究院, 2017. [Zhang Xing. Effects of Water-heat Regulating with Drip Irrigation on Nitrogen Dynamics, Soil Enzyme Activities and Chinese Cabbage Growth in Solar-heated Greenhouse[D]. Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Resrarch, 2017.] [35] Kotroczó Z, Veres Z, Fekete I, et al. Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 70:237-243. [36]Cookson P. Spatial variation of soil urease activity around irrigated date palms[J]. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 1999, 13(2):155-169. [37] Firsching B M, Claassen N. Root phosphatase activity and soil organic phosphorus utilization by Norway Spruce〔Picea abies (L.)Karst.〕[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28(11): 1417-1424.
文章导航

/