生态与环境

玛纳斯河流域绿洲时空演变及其景观格局变化

展开
  • 石河子大学理学院,新疆 石河子 832000
黄犁(1992-),男,硕士研究生,从事景观生态学研究. E-mail:1603223245@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-12-10

  修回日期: 2019-01-29

  网络出版日期: 2019-09-11

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31760151)资助

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Oasis and Change of Landscape Pattern in the Manas River Basin

Expand
  • College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2018-12-10

  Revised date: 2019-01-29

  Online published: 2019-09-11

摘要

基于1976、1989、1998、2006、2016年5期Landsat MSS/TM/OLI遥感影像,提取玛纳斯河流域近40 a的绿洲分布情况,利用数理统计模型及景观指数等方法分析了绿洲时空演变过程及其景观格局变化。结果表明:1976—2016年玛纳斯河流域中下游绿洲变迁呈退缩—扩张—急剧扩张的变化趋势,除1976—1989年绿洲处于退缩状态外,自1989年以来绿洲规模一直处于扩张状态,其中,以2006—2016年绿洲扩张速度最快,其面积增长量和净变化速度高达3 266 km2和4.43%,绿洲变化趋势表现出非平衡—极端不平衡的变化。1989—2006年草地对绿洲退缩的贡献率最大,2006年以后水域面积减少是绿洲退缩的主要贡献者,1989年以后耕地对绿洲扩张的贡献率最大;绿洲重心总体向西北方向迁移,各时期的绿洲重心迁移方向为东北—西南—西北—西南。绿洲景观几何形状趋于简单化,绿洲内部破碎化程度增加,这与草地景观破碎化程度不断增大有关,绿洲总体趋向于集中,绿洲聚集度有所增加,这与耕地景观聚集程度不断增大密切相关。

本文引用格式

黄犁, 徐丽萍 .

玛纳斯河流域绿洲时空演变及其景观格局变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019 , 36(5) : 1261 -1269 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2019.05.24

Abstract

Based on the Landsat MSS/TM/OLI remote sensing images in 1976, 1989, 1998, 2006 and 2016, the information of oasis distribution in the Manas River Basin in recent 40 years was extracted, and the methods of mathematical statistics model and landscape index were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the oasis and the change of landscape patterns in the study area. The results showed that, in recent 40 years, the oasis in the middle and lower reaches of the Manas River Basin was in a trend of reduction-expansion-sharp expansion, except the oasis was retreated from 1976 to 1989, the oasis was expanded after 1989, especially during the period from 2006 to 2016, area of the oasis was expanded by 3 266 km2, and the net change rate was as high as 4.43%. The change trend of the oasis was imbalanced and even extremely imbalanced. From 1989 to 2006, the contribution of grassland to the oasis reduction was the highest. After 2006, the reduction of waters was the main contributor to the oasis retreat. After 1989, the contribution of cultivated land to the oasis expansion was the most significant. The main part of the oasis was holistically shifted northwestward, and it was shifted northeastward, southwestward, northwestward and southwestward during different periods. The geometric shapes of the landscapes in the oasis were trended to simplification, and the fragmentation of the landscapes in the oasis became more serious, which was related to the increasing fragmentation of the grassland landscape. The oasis was trended to centralization, which was closely related to the continuous centralization of cultivated land.

参考文献

[1]凌红波,徐海量,刘新华,等.新疆克里雅河流域绿洲适宜规模[J].水科学进展,2012,23(4):563-568.[Lin Hongbo,Xu Hailiang,Liu Xinhua,et al.Suitable scale of oasis in Keriya River basin,Xinjiang[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(4):563-568.] [2]廖杰,王涛,薛娴.近55 a来黑河流域绿洲演变特征的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1 426-1 441.[Liao Jie,Wang Tao,Xue Xian.Oasis evolution in the Heihe River basin during 1956-2010[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1 426-1 441.] [3]Li W D,Li Z Z,Wang J Q.Evaluation of oasis ecosystem risk by reliability theory in an arid area:A case study in the Shiyang River basin,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(4):508-512. [4]王林林,刘普幸.近38年来格尔木河中下游绿洲时空演变及其与人类活动的关系[J].土壤,2016,48(3):597-605.[Wang Linlin,Liu Puxing.Spatial and temporal change of Oasis in middle and lower reaches of Golmud River and its relationship with human activities[J].Soils,2016,48(3):597-605.] [5]马亚兰,刘普幸.河西走廊金塔绿洲农业生态系统资源环境效应综合评价[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):709-715.[Ma Yalan,Liu Puxing.Comprehensive evaluation of resource and environment effects of agricultural ecosystem in the Jinta Oasis of Gansu,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(3):709-715.] [6]张秀霞,颉耀文,卫娇娇,等.1986—2015年干旱区敦煌绿洲景观的时空演变过程[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):669-676.[Zhang Xiuxia,Xie Yaowen,Wei Jiaojiao,et al.Spatiotemporal evolution of landscapes in the arid Dunhuang Oasis during the period of 1986-2015[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(3):669-676.] [7]刘亚文,阿不都沙拉木·加拉力丁,阿拉努尔·艾尼娃尔,等.1989—2016年吐鲁番高昌区绿洲时空格局变化及其驱动因素[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):945-953.[Liu Yawen,Abdushalam Jalaliding,Alanuer Aniwaer,et al.Spatiotemporal change of the Oasis in Gaochang,Turpan and its driving factors during the period of 1989-2016[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):945-953.] [8]巩杰,谢余初,高彦净,等.1963—2009年金塔绿洲变化对绿洲景观格局的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):603-612.[Gong Jie,Xie Xuchu,Gao Yanjing,et al.Spatiotemporal change and its effects on landscape pattern of Jinta Oasis in Arid China from 1963 to 2009[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(3):603-612.] [9]罗格平,周成虎,陈曦.从景观格局分析人为驱动的绿洲时空变化——以天山北坡三工河流域绿洲为例[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2 197-2 205.[Luo Geping,Zhou Chenhu,Chen Xi.Humaninduced spatiotemporal changes of oasis through landscape pattern analysis:A case study of oasis in the Sangong River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(9):2 197-2 205.] [10]谢霞,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.艾比湖流域绿洲化与荒漠化过程时空演变研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):38-45.[Xie Xia,Tashpolat Tiyip.Spatiotemporal change of oasis and Desert in the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(1):38-45.] [11]王莉红,张军民.玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲空间扩张模式[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(9):1 072-1 077.[Wang Lihong,Zhang Junming.Spatial expansion model of artificial oasis in Manasi river basin[J].China Science Paper,2018,13(9):1 072-1 077.] [12]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱性时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):950-957.[Liang Erming,Zhang Junming,Yang Weihong.Spatiotemporal vriation of lndscape eological ulnerability in Oasis in the Manas River Basin Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):950-957.] [13]杨书雅,杨会巾,刘丽娟,等.玛纳斯河流域绿洲农田防护林景观格局评价[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1 690-1 698.[Yang Shuya,Yang Huijing,Liu Lijuan,et al.Evaluating the landscape pattern of the farmland windbreaks in the Manas River basin oasis[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(6):1 690-1 698.] [14]吕娜娜,罗格平,丁建丽,等.滴灌背景下玛纳斯流域绿洲内外荒地土壤盐分时空变化趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(9):1 542-1 553.[Lü Nana,Luo Geping,Ding Jianli,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of soil salinity in Wastelands inside and outside of Oasis in Manas River watershed in the context of dripping irrigation [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(9):1 542-1 553.] [15]禹朴家,徐海量,刘世薇,等.玛纳斯河流域绿洲区域经济差异分解研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(5):1 176-1 182.[Yu Pujia,Xu Hailiang,Liu Shiwei,et al.Decomposition of regional economic disparity in Manasi River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(5):1 176-1 182.] [16]李菊荣,王延华,唐湘玲,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域土地利用变化特征及影响因素研究[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):61-68.[Li Jurong,Wang Yanhua,Tang Xiangling,et al.The spatialtemporal characteristics of land use change in the Manas River basin and influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2018,49(1):61-68.] [17]柳梅英,包安明,陈曦,等.近30年玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对植被碳储量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(6):926-938.[Liu Meiying,Bao Anming,Chen Xi,et al.Impact of land use/cover change on the vegetation carbon storage in the Manas River basin between 1976 and 2007[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(6):926-938.] [18]刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域2000—2010年土地利用/覆盖变化及影响因素[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3 211-3 223.[Liu Jinwei,Jin Tiantian,Liu Guohua,et al.Analysis of land use/cover change from 2000 to 2010 and its driving forces in Manas River basin,Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3 211-3 223.] [19]陈伏龙,王怡璇,吴泽斌,等.气候变化和人类活动对干旱区内陆河径流量的影响——以新疆玛纳斯河流域肯斯瓦特水文站为例[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(4):692-697.[Chen Fulong,Wang Yixuan,Wu Zebin,et al.Impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff of continental river in arid areas:Taking Kensiwate Hydrological Station in Xinjiang Manas River basin as an example[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(4):692-697.] [20]GB/T21010-2007.中国国家标准化管理委员会—土地利用现状分类[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.[GB/T21010-2007.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China:Current Land Use Condition Classification[S].Beijing:China Standards Publishing House,2007.] [21]Zhou D C,Luo G P,Lei L U.Processes and trends of the land use change in Aksu watershed in the Central Asia from 1960 to 2008[J].Journal of Arid Land,2010,2(3):157-166. [22]林兴周.临泽绿洲时空变化过程及其驱动机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.[Lin Xinzhou.Research on Spatio-temporal Changes Processes and Driving Forces Mechanism in Linze Oasis[D].Lanzhou:Lan Zhou University,2013.] [23]谢余初.近60年金塔绿洲时空变化及其驱动力研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.[Xie Yuchu.Spatio-temporal Change of Jinta Oasis and its Driving Forces in the Latest 60Years (1949-2009) [D].Lanzhou:Lan Zhou University,2012.] [24]王宏卫,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.干旱区盐渍地遥感动态监测及其驱动力研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(3):445-453.[Wang Hongwei,Tashpolat Tiyip.Remote sensing dynamic monitor and driving force of soil salinization in arid area:A case of delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa River[J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(3):445-453.] [25]肖生春,肖洪浪.黑河流域绿洲环境演变因素研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(4):385-390.[Xiao Shengchun,Xiao Honglang.Influencing factors of Oasis evolution in Heihe River basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(4):385-390.] [26]艾克拜尔·买提尼牙孜,阿里木江·卡斯木.新疆维吾尔自治区皮山县绿洲景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):55-62.[Aikebaier Maitiniyazi,Alimujiang Kasimu.Landscape pattern changes and its driving factors in Pishan Oasis,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(7):55-62.] [27]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度和等级[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:46-106.[Wu Jianguo.Landscape Ecology:Pattern,Process,Scale and Grade[M].2nd.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:46-106.] [28]Lechner A M,Langford W T,Bekessy S A,et al.Are landscape ecologists addressing uncertainty in their remote sensing data?[J].Landscape Ecology,2012,27(9):1 249-1 261.
文章导航

/