利用常规环境监测的污染物浓度数据、NCEP/NCAR 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料以及常规气象观测资料,对2017年5月3—6日先后影响了我国13个省(自治区、直辖市)的强沙尘暴大气污染过程进行了研究。结果表明:主要受影响城市的PM10日平均浓度相对月平均浓度增长了2~10倍,PM2.5日平均浓度相对月平均浓度增长了5~8倍。强沙尘暴爆发期间颗粒物浓度呈明显的上升趋势,且PM10浓度值较PM2.5浓度值增幅更加明显,表明沙尘暴裹挟了大量的粗颗粒污染物;相反,沙尘暴发生期间,SO2、CO和NO2三种气态污染物的日平均浓度均呈下降趋势,表明沙尘暴对气态污染物有一定的扩散效应,而对O3浓度变化无显著影响。此外,沙尘暴爆发期间能见度低值区、PM10浓度高值区以及3 h正变压区的位置基本一致,都位于地面冷锋的后部地区,这为沙尘暴及其污染预报和预防提供了天气学依据。
In this study, the routine environmental monitoring of pollutant concentration data, NCEP/NCAR 0.5°×0.5° reanalysis data and conventional meteorological observation data were used. The purpose of the study was to lucubrate the air pollution process of a strong sandstorm in 13 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China from May 3 to 6, 2017. The results showed that the average daily concentration of PM10 in the main cities suffering from the sandstorm was increased by 2-10 times relative to the monthly average. The average daily concentration of PM2.5 was increased by 5-8 times relative to the monthly average concentration. During the intense sandstorm, the concentration of particulate matter was in a clear upward trend, and the increase of PM10 concentration was more obvious than that of PM2.5, which indicated that the sandstorm carried a large amount of coarse particle pollutants. On the contrary, during the occurrence of sandstorm, the average daily concentrations of SO2, CO and NO2 were in a decrease trend, which revealed that the sandstorm had a certain effect of diffusing O3. In addition, the locations of the regions with low visibility, high PM10 concentration and 3 hour positive pressure were basically accorded with and located in the rear of ground cold front, which could provide a synoptic basis for predicting and preventing sandstorm and its pollution.
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