It is an important precondition for regional sustainable development to maintain the ecological security in oasis. In this paper, an evaluation index system was developed from the aspects of structure, functions and benefits of oasis ecosystem in the Ogan-Kuqa river oasis. The status and trend of ecological security in the oasis during the period of 2005-2014 were calculated and analyzed with the triangle model, and the affecting factors were analyzed by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that: ① The non-structural index (NSI) of the ecosystem was decreased year by year, which indicated that the components of the ecosystem structure system became more and more rational during the period from 2005 to 2014; the non-functional index (NFI) of the ecosystem was in a fluctuating trend; the ecosystem beneficial index (BI) was increased from 0.08 in 2005 to 0.69 in 2014, which indicated that the economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits of the oasis ecosystem were continuously improved; ② During the period from 2005 to 2014, the ecological security in the Ogan-Kuqa river oasis experienced the insecure and weak security statuses; the ecosystem in the oasis was not safe during the period of 2005-2010, the NFI, NSI and BI were in the high, medium and low ranges respectively. During the period of 2011-2014, the security of ecosystem in the Ogan-Kuqa river oasis was weak; ③ The two main factors that affected the ecological security in the Ogan-Kuqa river oasis during the period of 2005-2014 were the soil-water coordination and the afforestation area, and their correlation degree and weight were relatively high. Therefore, in order to realize the stability and the sustainable development of the oasis, it is necessary to return grain plots to forests and grasslands according to the local conditions. The results could provide the scientific basis for maintaining and further improving the ecological environment in oasis.
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