以内蒙古阿拉善盟腰坝绿洲为研究区,根据野外实地调查、样品采集及室内实验分析,采用描述性统计法、相关分析法、主成分分析法,分析腰坝绿洲表层土壤的含盐量及各盐分离子分布。结果表明:腰坝绿洲表层土壤呈碱性氯化物-硫酸盐型盐渍化土,土壤阳离子聚积以Ca2+和K++Na+为主,阴离子聚积以HCO-3为主,土壤全盐量呈西南部高东北部低的分布特征;土壤中K++Na+、SO2-4和Cl-呈强变异性,全盐量、Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO-3呈中等变异性,pH呈弱变异性;土壤全盐量与SO2-4、Ca2+、K++Na+、Cl-和Mg2+之间存在着极显著正相关,pH与Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-和SO2-4之间存在着极显著负相关;通过主成分分析,选取了反映土壤盐分组成和碱度的2个主成分因子,得出表征土壤盐渍化的特征因子为SO2-4、K++Na+、Ca2+、Cl-,并进一步建立了主成分综合得分方程,计算出了42个土样的综合得分,分值范围为3.6~10.7,平均值为5,标准差为1.5,呈中等变异性。该研究可为研究区土壤盐渍化防治提供理论和实践依据。
The study area is located in the Yaoba Oasis irrigated area in the Alxa League of Inner Mongolia.Based on the field investigation,in this paper the distribution of total salt and salt ions in topsoil samples collected from the Yaoba Oasis was analyzed using the descriptive statistical method,correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).According to the descriptive statistical analysis,the results showed that the topsoil in the oasis is alkaline chlorine-sulfate salinized soil.The cations in topsoil were dominated by Ca2+ and K++Na+,and HCO3- was dominant in anions.The total salt content in topsoil was high in the southwest but low in the northeast.Total soil salt content varied obviously from the east to the west but slightly from the south to the north.In topsoil,the variability of salt ions of HCO3-,K++ Na+,SO42- and Cl- was strong,that of Ca2+,Mg2+ and HCO3- was moderate,and that of pH value was slight.The correlation analysis revealed that there were the extremely significant positive correlations between total soil salt content and SO42-,Ca2+,K++Na+,Cl- and Mg2+,and the correlation coefficient between total soil salt content and SO42- was the highest (0.958).There were the extremely significant negative correlations between total soil salt content and Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl- and SO42-,and all the correlation coefficients were lower than 0.6.According to the PCA,there were two principal component factors,and they could be used to reflect the salt content in topsoil in the study area.One could be used to reflect the soil salt component,and another could be used to reflect the soil alkalinity,so it was concluded that SO42-,K++Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- could be used to characterize soil salinization.Moreover,the equations of comprehensive scores of the principal components were developed.According to calculated results of comprehensive scores of 42 soil samples,the values ranged from 3.6 to 10.7,the average value was 5,and the standard deviation was 1.5,so the variability was moderate.The study results could provide the theory and practical basis for preventing and controlling soil salinization and for safe development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the study area.
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