干旱区研究

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2018 , Vol. 35 >Issue 3: 503 - 509

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2018.03.01

水土资源

干旱区绿洲土壤盐分特征分析

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  • （1.长安大学环境科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710054；2.长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室，陕西 西安710054；3.东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院，江西 南昌 330013）
王巧焕（1980-），讲师，博士研究生，主要从事水资源与水环境方面研究. E-mail：53262205@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-10-07

  修回日期: 2017-11-27

  网络出版日期: 2018-06-01

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41302253，41662015）；阿拉善SEE生态协会基金资助项目（220029150182）；江西省教育厅项目（GJJ150596，GJJ160562）资助

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Analysis of Characteristics of Soil Salinity in the Oasis of Arid Area

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  • (1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 71005, Shaanxi, China;2.Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 71005, Shaanxi, China;3. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China)

Received date: 2017-10-07

  Revised date: 2017-11-27

  Online published: 2018-06-01

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摘要

以内蒙古阿拉善盟腰坝绿洲为研究区，根据野外实地调查、样品采集及室内实验分析，采用描述性统计法、相关分析法、主成分分析法，分析腰坝绿洲表层土壤的含盐量及各盐分离子分布。结果表明：腰坝绿洲表层土壤呈碱性氯化物-硫酸盐型盐渍化土，土壤阳离子聚积以Ca2+和K++Na+为主，阴离子聚积以HCO3-为主，土壤全盐量呈西南部高东北部低的分布特征；土壤中K++Na+、SO42-和Cl-呈强变异性，全盐量、Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO3-呈中等变异性，pH呈弱变异性；土壤全盐量与SO42-、Ca2+、K++Na+、Cl-和Mg2+之间存在着极显著正相关，pH与Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-和SO42-之间存在着极显著负相关；通过主成分分析，选取了反映土壤盐分组成和碱度的两个主成分因子，得出表征土壤盐渍化的特征因子为SO42-、K++Na+、Ca2+、Cl-，并进一步建立了主成分综合得分方程，计算出了42个土样的综合得分，分值范围为3.6~10.7，平均值为5，标准差为1.5，呈中等变异性。该研究可为研究区土壤盐渍化防治提供理论和实践依据。

关键词： 表层土壤; 土壤盐分; 主成分分析; 腰坝绿洲; 内蒙古

本文引用格式

王巧焕，卢玉东，赛佳美，李环环 . 干旱区绿洲土壤盐分特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018 , 35(3) : 503 -509 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.03.01

Abstract

  The study area is located in the Yaoba oasis irrigated area in the Alxa League of Inner Mongolia. Based on the field investigation, soil samples collection and indoor experiment analysis, using descriptive statistical method, correlation analysis method, principal component analysis (PCA) method, this article analyzed the distribution characteristics of surface soil total salt and salt ions in Yaoba oasis. According to descriptive statistical analysis, the results showed that surface soil of Yaoba oasis was alkaline chlorine-sulfate soil salinization. The cations accumulation of surface soil were dominated by salt ions of Ca2+,K++Na+ and the anion accumulation of surface soil was dominated by salt ion of HCO3-.The distribution characteristics of soil total salt presented high values in the southwest and low values in the northeast. Soil total salt varied largely from east to west and varied small from south to north. In surface soil, the salt ions of HCO3-, K++ Na +, SO42- and Cl- presented strong variability; soil total salt, salt ions of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- presented moderate variability; pH presented weak variability. Through correlation analysis, it showed that soil total salt had the significant positive correlation with soil salt ions of SO42-,Ca2+,K++Na+,Cl-,Mg2+andthe highest correlation coefficient was 0.958 with ion of SO42-; but pH had the significant negative correlation with soil salt ions of Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,SO42- and all correlation coefficients were less than 0.6. According to principal component analysis(PCA) , it showed that there were two principal component factors which could present the characteristics of surface soil salt in study area. One principal component factor presented soil salt component and another principal component factor presented alkalinity, so it concluded that salt ions of SO42-, K++Na+, Ca2+,Cl- were the key characteristics factors of soil salinization. At the end, this study established the equations of principal component comprehensive score. According to comprehensive score calculation of 42 soil samples, the value range was 3.6~10.7, the average value was 5, the standard deviation was 1.5, so the comprehensive score presented moderate variability. The study results will provide theory and practical basis for prevention and control soil salinization and can make sure security development of agriculture and animal husbandry in study area.

Key words： surface soil; soil salt; principal component analysis; Yaoba oasis; Inner Mongolia

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